¹ Canonical communitarian texts include Maclntyre, Alasdair, After Virtue, 2d ed. (London: Duckworth, 1985)Google Scholar; Sandel, Michael, “Democrats and Community,” New Republic, February 22, 1988, pp. 20–23Google Scholar; Taylor, Charles, “Legitimation Crisis?” in Taylor, Philosophy and the Human Sciences (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; and Walzer, Michael, Spheres of Justice (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1983).Google Scholar To this chorus of communitarian critics of capitalism may now be added Gray, John, The Undoing of Conservatism (London: The Social Market Foundation, 1994).Google Scholar

² See, for example, Harris, David, Justifying State Welfare: The New Right versus the Old Left (Oxford: Blackwell, 1987), p. 27.Google Scholar

³ See, for example, Sandel, Michael, “Morality and the Liberal Ideal,” New Republic, May 7, 1984, pp. 15–17Google Scholar; and Walzer, Michael,“The Communitarian Critique of Liberalism,” Political Theory, vol. 18, no. 1 (February 1990), pp. 6–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁴ Such measures have been argued for by, among others, Kymlicka, Will, “Liberal Individualism and Liberal Neutrality,” in Communitarianism and Individualism, ed. Shlomo, Avineri and Avner, De-Shalit (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992), pp. 165–85Google Scholar; and Walzer, “The Communitarian Critique of Liberalism.”

⁵ See Gray, The Undoing of Conservatism.

⁶ Among notable of writers on capitalism to define the term in this way are Friedman, Milton, Capitalism and Freedom (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1962)Google Scholar; and Berger, Peter L., The Capitalist Revolution (Aldershot: Wildwood House, 1987).Google Scholar

⁷ One notable writer on capitalism who defines the term in this way is Seldon, Arthur, Capitalism (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1990).Google Scholar

⁸ One notable writer on capitalism who defines the term in this way is Albert, Michel, Capitalism against Capitalism (London: Whurr Publishers, 1993).Google Scholar

⁹ Novak, Michael, The Spirit of Democratic Capitalism (New York: Touchstone Books, 1982), p. 15.Google Scholar

¹⁰ For reviews of this evidence, see Whitehead, Barbara Dafoe, “Dan Quayle Was Right,” Atlantic Monthly, vol. 271, no. 4 (April 1993), pp. 47–84Google Scholar; Dennis, Norman and Erdos, George, Families without Fatherhood, 2d ed. (London: IEA Health and Welfare Unit, 1993)Google Scholar; and Wilson, James Q., “The Family-Values Debate,” Commentary, vol. 91, no. 2 (April 1993), pp. 24–31.Google Scholar

¹¹ Wilson, “The Family-Values Debate,” pp. 26–27.

¹² See Henry Sidgwick, The Elements of Politics (London: Macmillan, 1891), p. 213.

¹³ Gray, The Undoing of Conservatism, p. 22. See also Taylor, “Legitimation Crisis?” pp. 283–84.

¹⁴ Gray, The Undoing of Conservatism, p. 22.

¹⁵ Ibid., p. 19.

¹⁶ Walzer, “The Communitarian Critique of Liberalism,” p. 13.

¹⁷ Sandel, “Democrats and Community,” pp. 22–23.

¹⁸ Gray, The Undoing of Conservatism, p. 44.

¹⁹ Walzer, Spheres of Justice, pp. 37–38.

²⁰ See ibid., pp. 61–62. See also Scruton, Roger, “In Defence of the Nation,” in Scruton, The Philosopher on Dover Beach (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1990).Google Scholar

²¹ Taylor, “Legitimation Crisis?” pp. 284–86.

²² Gray, The Undoing of Conservatism, p. 28.

²³ See Barber, Benjamin, “Strong Democracy,” in Communitarianism: A New Public Ethics, ed. Markate, Daly (Belmont: Wadsworth, 1994), pp. 213–24.Google Scholar

²⁴ See Hayek, Friedrich A., “Individualism: True and False,” in Hayek, Individualism and Economic Order (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1948), pp. 1–32Google Scholar, esp. p. 23; Schumpeter, Joseph A., Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1976)Google Scholar; and Nisbet, Robert, The Quest for Community (New York: Oxford University Press, 1953).Google Scholar

²⁵ For a discussion of illegitimacy, see Himmelfarb, Gertrude, The De-moralization of Society (London: IEA Health and Welfare Unit, 1995), pp. 223–24.Google Scholar For statistics on divorce in the U.K., see Goodman, Paul, “The Future of the Family,” Salisbury Review, vol. 10, no. 3 (March 1992), p. 15Google Scholar; for U.S. divorce figures, see Whitehead, Barbara Dafoe, “Dan Quayle Was Right,” Atlantic Monthly, vol. 271, no. 4 (April 1993), p. 50.Google Scholar

²⁶ Cipolla, Carlo M., The Economic History of World Population, 7th ed. (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1974), pp. 87–89.Google Scholar

²⁷ Sowell, Thomas, Ethnic America (New York: Basic Books, 1981), p. 5.Google Scholar

²⁸ Rothbard, Murray, For a New Liberty, 2d ed. (New York: Collier Books, 1978), p. 209.Google Scholar

²⁹ See Nisbet, Robert, The Twilight of Authority (New York: Oxford University Press, 1975), pp. 64–70.Google Scholar

³⁰ For accounts of some of this evidence in relation to the United Kingdom, see Green, David, Reinventing Civil Society: The Rediscovery of Welfare without Politics (London: IEA Health and Welfare Unit, 1993)Google Scholar; and Seldon, Capitalism, ch. 11. For accounts of some of the evidence in relation to the United States, see Olasky, Marvin, The Tragedy of American Compassion (Washington, DC: Regnery Gateway, 1992)Google Scholar; Murray, Charles, In Pursuit of Happiness and Good Government (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988)Google Scholar; and Beito, David T., “Mutual Aid for Social Welfare: The Case of American Fraternal Societies,” Critical Review, vol. 4, no. 4 (Fall 1990), pp. 709–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

³¹ Beito, “Mutual Aid for Social Welfare,” pp. 711–14 passim.

³² Starr, Chester G., The Aristocratic Temper of Greek Civilization (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992), p. 27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

³³ McDougall, William, The Group Mind (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1920), pp. 190–91.Google Scholar

³⁴ See Murray, Charles, Losing Ground: American Social Policy, 1950–1980 (New York: Basic Books, 1984)Google Scholar; Murray, , The Emerging British Underclass (London: IEA Health and Welfare Unit, 1990)Google Scholar; and Murray, , Underclass: The Crisis Deepens (London: IEA Health and Welfare Unit, 1994).Google Scholar

³⁵ For a good discussion of the impact of no-fault divorce upon divorce rates, see Barry, Norman, “Justice and Liberty in Marriage and Divorce,” in Liberating Women… From Modern Feminism, ed. Caroline, Quest (London: IEA Health and Welfare Unit, 1994), pp. 38–58Google Scholar; and Campion, John, “Marriage, Morals, and the Law,” Salisbury Review, vol. 13, no. 2 (December 1994), pp. 25–28.Google Scholar

³⁶ Murray, Losing Ground, p. 115.

³⁷ Dennis, Norman, Rising Crime and the Dismembered Family (London: IEA Health and Welfare Unit, 1993), p. 1.Google Scholar

³⁸ Murray, In Pursuit of Happiness and Good Government, p. 279.

³⁹ See Schlesinger, Arthur M. Jr, The Disuniting of America: Reflections on a Multicultural Society (New York and London: W. W. Norton and Company, 1992).Google Scholar

⁴⁰ For the classic argument for this thesis, see West, E. G., Education and the State (London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 1965).Google Scholar

⁴¹ This remark is attributed to Dean Inge in McDougall, The Group Mind, p. 181n.

⁴² Nisbet, The Quest for Community (supra note 24).

⁴³ Ibid., pp. 97–98.