Hostname: page-component-7b7567c8c-2n9c9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-11-15T10:17:05.127Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Soft X-Ray Background

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 August 2015

H. Friedman,
G. Fritz,
S. D. Shulman and
R. C. Henry
H. Friedman
Affiliation:
E. O. Hulburt Center for Space Research, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20390, U.S.A.
G. Fritz
Affiliation:
E. O. Hulburt Center for Space Research, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20390, U.S.A.
S. D. Shulman
Affiliation:
E. O. Hulburt Center for Space Research, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20390, U.S.A.
R. C. Henry
Affiliation:
E. O. Hulburt Center for Space Research

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the 'Save PDF' action button.

A survey of soft X-ray background observations in the 0.1–10 keV range is presented. In the region above 1 keV, recent results on point X-ray sources are discussed and their integrated contribution to the diffuse background is estimated. However, the average luminosity of various classes of extragalactic X-ray sources is still not sufficiently well known to permit this estimate to be made with any certainty. A discussion is given of recent observations at energies below 1 keV where the effects of interstellar absorption are important. It is argued that although some fraction of the background radiation in the 0.1–1 keV range must be galactic in origin, there is still substantial evidence for an extragalactic component. Proposed theories for generating both the galactic and extragalactic X-ray background are briefly reviewed.

Information

Type
Part IV: Interstellar Medium and Soft X-Ray Background
Information
Symposium - International Astronomical Union , Volume 55: X- and Gamma-Ray Astronomy , 1973, pp. 215 - 234
Copyright
Copyright © Reidel 1973 

References

Arons, J.: 1971, 136th AAS Meeting (San Juan).Google Scholar
Boldt, E. A., Desai, U. D., and Holt, S. S.: 1969, Nature 224, 677.Google Scholar
Boldt, E. A., Desai, U. D., Holt, S. S., and Serlemitsos, P. J.: 1971, Astrophys. J. Letters 167, L1.Google Scholar
Bowyer, C. S., Field, G. B., and Mack, J. E.: 1968, Nature 217, 32.Google Scholar
Bowyer, C. S., Lampton, M., Mack, J., and de Mendonca, F.: 1970, Astrophys. J. Letters 161, L1.Google Scholar
Bradt, H., Naranan, S., Rappaport, S., Zwicky, F., Ogelman, H., and Boldt, E.: 1968, Nature 218, 856.Google Scholar
Brecher, K. and Morrison, P.: 1969, Phys. Rev. Letters 23, 802.Google Scholar
Bunner, A. N., Coleman, P. L., Kraushaar, W. L., McCammon, D., Palmieri, T. M., Shilepsky, A., and Ulmer, M.: 1969, Nature 223, 1222.Google Scholar
Bunner, A. N., Coleman, P. L., Kraushaar, W. L., and McCammon, D.: 1971, Astrophys. J. Letters 167, L3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bunner, A. N., Coleman, P. L., Kraushaar, W. L., and McCammon, D.: 1972, Astrophys. J. Letters 172, L67.Google Scholar
Burke, J. A. and Hartwick, F. D. A.: 1972, Nature Phys. Sci. 236, 4.Google Scholar
Byram, E. T., Chubb, T. A., and Friedman, H.: 1970, Science 169, 366.Google Scholar
Cavallo, G. and Horstman, H.: 1972, Nature Phys. Sci. 235, 110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cowsik, R.: 1971, 136th AAS Meeting (San Juan).Google Scholar
Davidsen, A., Shulman, S., Fritz, G., Meekins, J. F., Henry, R. C., and Friedman, H.: 1972, Astrophys. J. 177 (in press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ducros, G., Ducros, R., Rocchia, R., and Tarrius, A.: 1970, Astron. Astrophys. 7, 162.Google Scholar
Fabian, A. C. and Sanford, P. W.: 1971, Nature Phys. Sci. 231, 52.Google Scholar
Felten, J. E. and Morrison, P.: 1966, Astrophys. J. 146 686.Google Scholar
Field, G. B. and Henry, R. C.: 1964, Astrophys. J. 140, 1002.Google Scholar
Friedman, H., Byram, E. T., and Chubb, T. A.: 1967, Science 156, 374.Google Scholar
Goldsmith, D. and Silk, J.: 1971, 136th AAS Meeting (San Juan).Google Scholar
Goldsmith, D. and Silk, J.: 1972, Astrophys. J. 172, 563.Google Scholar
Gorenstein, P. and Tucker, W. H.: 1972, Astrophys. J. 176, 333.Google Scholar
Gott, J. R. III and Gunn, J. E.: 1971, Astrophys. J. Letters 169, L13.Google Scholar
Gunn, J. E. and Ostriker, J. P.: 1969, Astrophys. J. 157, 1395.Google Scholar
Gursky, H., Kellogg, E., Murray, S., Leong, C., Tananbaum, H., and Giacconi, R.: 1971, Astrophys. J. Letters 167, L81.Google Scholar
Hayakawa, S., Kato, T., Makino, F., Ogawa, H., Tanaka, Y., Yamashita, K., Matsuoka, M., Miyamoto, S., Oda, M., and Ogawara, Y.: 1971, Astrophys. Space Sci. 12, 104.Google Scholar
Henry, R. C., Fritz, G., Meekins, J. F., Friedman, H., and Byram, E. T.: 1968, Astrophys. J. Letters 153, L11.Google Scholar
Henry, R. C., Fritz, G., Meekins, J. F., Chubb, T., and Friedman, H.: 1971, Astrophys. J. Letters 163, L73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henry, R. C.: 1972, Astrophys. J. Letters 172, L97.Google Scholar
Ilovaisky, S. A. and Ryter, Ch.: 1971, Astron. Astrophys. 15, 224.Google Scholar
Kellogg, E., Gursky, H., Leong, C., Schreier, E., Tananbaum, H., and Giacconi, R.: 1971a, Astrophys. J. Letters 165, L49.Google Scholar
Kellogg, E., Gursky, H., Murray, S., Tananbaum, H., and Giacconi, R.: 1971b, Astrophys. J. Letters 169, L99.Google Scholar
Limber, N.: 1954, Astrophys. J. 119, 655.Google Scholar
Mark, H., Price, R. E., Rodrigues, R. M., Seward, F. D., and Swift, C. D.: 1969, Astrophys. J. Letters 155, L143.Google Scholar
McCammon, D., Bunner, A. N., Coleman, P. L., and Kraushaar, W. L.: 1971, Astrophys. J. Letters 168, L33.Google Scholar
McGee, R. X., Milton, J. A., and Wolfe, W.: 1966, Australian J. Phys. Suppl. No. 1.Google Scholar
Meekins, J. F., Fritz, G., Chubb, T. A., Friedman, H., and Henry, R. C.: 1971, Nature 231, 107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, S., Tananbaum, H., Matilsky, T., Kellogg, E., Gursky, H., and Giacconi, R.: 1971, 136th AAS Meeting (San Juan).Google Scholar
Omer, G. C., Page, T. L., and Wilson, A. G.: 1965, Astron. J. 70, 440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ostriker, J. P., Rees, M. J., and Silk, J.: 1970, Astrophys. Letters 6, 179.Google Scholar
Palmieri, T. M., Burginyon, G. A., Grader, R. J., Hill, R. W., Seward, F. D., and Stoering, J. P.: 1971, Astrophys. J. 169, 33.Google Scholar
Schwartz, D., Hudson, H. S., and Peterson, L. E.: 1970, Astrophys. J. 162, 431.Google Scholar
Schwartz, D. A., Boldt, E. A., Holt, S. S., Serlemitsos, P. J., and Bleach, R. D.: 1971, Nature Phys. Sci. 233, 110.Google Scholar
Shklovski, I. S. and Sheffer, E. K.: 1971, Nature 231, 173.Google Scholar
Shukla, P. G. and Wilson, B. G.: 1971, Astrophys. J. 164, 265.Google Scholar
Shulman, S., Fritz, G., Meekins, J. F., Chubb, T. A., Friedman, H., and Henry, R. C.: 1971, Astrophys. J. Letters 166, L9.Google Scholar
Silk, J.: 1970, Space Sci. Rev. 11, 671.Google Scholar
Spitzer, L.: 1956, Astrophys. J. 124, 20.Google Scholar
Strittmatter, P. A., Brecher, K., and Burbidge, G. R.: 1972, Astrophys. J. 174, 91.Google Scholar
Tolbert, C. R.: 1971, Astron. Astrophys. (Suppl.) 3, No. 5.Google Scholar
Toor, A., Price, R., and Seward, F.: 1972, Astrophys. J. Letters 172, L73.Google Scholar
Ulmer, M., Grace, V., Hudson, H. S., and Schwartz, D. A.: 1972, Astrophys. J. 173, 205.Google Scholar
Wolfe, A. M. and Burbidge, G. R.: 1970, Nature 228, 1170.Google Scholar
Woltjer, L.: 1969, Problems of the Crab Nebula, Columbia Astrophys. Lab. Contra. 280–4501, No. 15.Google Scholar
Woolf, N.: 1967, Astrophys. J. 148, 287.Google Scholar
Yentis, D. J., Novick, R., and Vanden Bout, P.: 1972, Astrophys. J. 177 (in press).CrossRefGoogle Scholar