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Modular action language 
${\mathcal ALM}$
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 06 July 2015
Abstract
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The paper introduces a new modular action language, 
${\mathcal ALM}$ , and illustrates the methodology of its use. It is based on the approach of Gelfond and Lifschitz (1993, Journal of Logic Programming 17, 2–4, 301–321; 1998, Electronic Transactions on AI 3, 16, 193–210) in which a high-level action language is used as a front end for a logic programming system description. The resulting logic programming representation is used to perform various computational tasks. The methodology based on existing action languages works well for small and even medium size systems, but is not meant to deal with larger systems that require structuring of knowledge. $\mathcal{ALM}$ is meant to remedy this problem. Structuring of knowledge in ${\mathcal ALM}$ is supported by the concepts of module (a formal description of a specific piece of knowledge packaged as a unit), module hierarchy, and library, and by the division of a system description of ${\mathcal ALM}$ into two parts: theory and structure. A theory consists of one or more modules with a common theme, possibly organized into a module hierarchy based on a dependency relation. It contains declarations of sorts, attributes, and properties of the domain together with axioms describing them. Structures are used to describe the domain's objects. These features, together with the means for defining classes of a domain as special cases of previously defined ones, facilitate the stepwise development, testing, and readability of a knowledge base, as well as the creation of knowledge representation libraries.
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