Hostname: page-component-7b7567c8c-fvjsw Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-11-14T22:08:22.868Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Composite List of C4 Weeds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

C. Dennis Elmore and
Rex N. Paul
C. Dennis Elmore
Affiliation:
Agric. Res. Serv., U.S. Dep. Agric., Stoneville, MS 38776
Rex N. Paul
Affiliation:
Agric. Res. Serv., U.S. Dep. Agric., Stoneville, MS 38776
Get accessRights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

C4 plants account for a small fraction of the total number of plant species (fewer than 1000 out of 250 000). A larger proportion of the world's weed species possess C4 physiology. There are 2000 species in 500 genera and 125 families of flowering plants listed in the WSSA composite list of weeds. of that number, 146 species in 53 genera and 10 families exhibit the C4 syndrome. This, as a percentage, is 17-fold greater than the percentage of C4 plants in the total world plant population. In this report, we have listed the C4 -weed species and provide specific information concerning various aspects of their Kranz anatomy and C4 physiology.

Keywords

PhotosynthesisKranz anatomy

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 31 , Issue 5 , September 1983, pp. 686 - 692
Copyright
Copyright © 1983 Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Literature Cited

1. Baskin, J. M. and Baskin, C. C. 1981. Photosynthetic pathways indicated by leaf anatomy in fourteen summer annuals of cedar glades. Photosynthetica 15:205–209.Google Scholar
2. Bender, M. M. and Smith, D. 1973. Classification of starch- and fructosan-accumulating grasses as C3 or C4 species by carbon isotope analysis. J. Br. Grassl. Soc. 28:97–100.Google Scholar
3. Bjorkman, O. 1976. Adaptive and genetic aspects of C4 photosynthesis. Pages 287–309 in Burris, R. H. and Black, C. C., eds. CO2 Metabolism and Plant Productivity. Univ. Park Press, Baltimore, MD.Google Scholar
4. Black, C. C. 1976. An assessment of C4 photosynthesis and productivity. Pages 397–403 in Burris, R. H. and Black, C. C., eds. CO2 Metabolism and Plant Productivity. Univ. Park Press, Baltimore, MD.Google Scholar
5. Black, C. C., Chen, T. M., and Brown, R. H. 1969. Biochemical basis for plant competition. Weed Sci. 17:338–344.Google Scholar
6. Brown, R. H. and Gracen, V. E. 1972. Distribution of the post-illumination CO2 burst among grasses. Crop Sci. 12:30–33.Google Scholar
7. Brown, W. V. 1974. Another cytological difference among the Kranz subfamilies of the Gramineae. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 101:120–124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Brown, W. V. 1977. The Kranz syndrome and its subtypes in grass systematics. Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 23:1–97.Google Scholar
9. Carolin, R. C., Jacobs, S.W.L., and Vesk, M. 1977. The ultrastructure of Kranz cells in the family Cyperaceae. Bot. Gaz. 138:413–419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. Chapman, K.S.R. and Hatch, M. D. 1981. Aspartate decarboxylation in bundle sheath cells of Zea mays and its possible contribution to C4 photosynthesis. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 8:237–248.Google Scholar
11. Crookston, R. K. and Moss, D. N. 1974. Interveinal distance for carbohydrate transport in leaves of C3 and C4 grasses. Crop Sci. 14:123–125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12. Downton, W.J.S. 1970. Preferential C4 -dicarboxylic acid synthesis, the post-illumination CO2 burst, carboxyl transfer step, and grana configurations in plants with C4 -photosynthesis. Can. J. Bot. 48:1795–1800.Google Scholar
13. Downton, W.J.S. 1975. The occurrence of C4 photosynthesis among plants. Photosynthetica 9:96–105.Google Scholar
14. Edwards, G. E. and Huber, S. C. 1981. The C4 Pathway. Pages 237–281 in Hatch, M. D. and Boardman, N. K., eds. The Biochemistry of Plants. Photosynthesis, Vol. 8. Academic Press, New York, NY.Google Scholar
15. Ellis, R. P. 1977. Distribution of the Kranz syndrome in the Southern African Eragrostoideae and Panicoideae according to bundle sheath anatomy and cytology. Agroplantae 9:73–110.Google Scholar
16. Elmore, C. D. 1980. The paradox of no-correlation between leaf photosynthetic rates and crop yields. Pages 155–167 in Hesketh, J. D. and Jones, J. W., eds. Predicting Photosynthesis for Ecosystem Models, Vol. II. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.Google Scholar
17. Furbank, R. T. and Badger, M. R. 1982. Photosynthetic oxygen exchange in attached leaves of C4 monocotyledons. Aust. J Plant Physiol. 9:553–558.Google Scholar
18. Gifford, R. M. 1974. A comparison of potential photosynthesis, productivity and yield of plant species with differing photosynthetic metabolism. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 1:107–117.Google Scholar
19. Gutierrez, M., Edwards, G. E., and Brown, W. V. 1976. PEP carboxykinase containing species in the Brachiaria group of the subfamily Panicoideae. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 4:47–49.Google Scholar
20. Gutierrez, M., Gracen, W. E., and Edwards, G. E. 1974. Biochemical and cytological relationships in C4 plants. Planta 119:279–300.Google Scholar
21. Gutierrez, M., Kanai, R., Huber, S. C., Ku, S. B., and Edwards, G. E. 1973. Photosynthesis in mesophyll protoplasts and bundle sheath cells of various types of C4 plants. I. Carboxylases and CO2 fixation studies. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 72:305–319.Google Scholar
22. Harrison, P. A. and Black, C. C. 1982. Two-dimensional electrophoretic mapping of proteins of bundle sheath and mesophyll cells of the C4 grass Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. (Grabgrass). Plant Physiol. 70:1359–1366.Google Scholar
23. Hatch, M. D. and Kagawa, T. 1974. Activity, location and role of NAD malic enzyme in leaves with C4 -pathway photosynthesis. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 1:357–369.Google Scholar
24. Hatch, M. D. and Kagawa, T. 1974. NAD malic enzyme in leaves with C4 pathway photosynthesis and its role in C4 acid decarboxylation. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 160:346–349.Google Scholar
25. Hattersley, P. W. 1982. 13C values of C4 types in grasses. Aust. J. Bot. 9:139–154.Google Scholar
26. Hattersley, P. W. and Browning, A. J. 1981. Occurrence of the suberized lamella in leaves of grasses of different photosynthetic types. I. In parenchymatous bundle sheaths and PCR (“Kranz”) sheaths. Protoplasma 109:371–401.Google Scholar
27. Hattersey, P. W. and Watson, L. 1976. C4 -grasses: An anatomical criterion for distinguishing between NADP-ME species and PCK or NAD-ME species. Aust. J. Bot. 14:297–308.Google Scholar
28. Hegde, B. A. and Patil, T. M. 1981. Parthenium hysterophorus (L.), a C3 planst with “Kranz” syndrome. Photosynthetica 15:1–4.Google Scholar
29. Hesla, B. I., Tieszen, L. L., and Imbamba, S. K. 1982. A systematic survey of C3 and C4 photosynthesis in the Cyperaceae of Kenya, East Africa. Photosynthetica 16:196–205.Google Scholar
30. Hnatiuk, R. J. 1980. C4 photosynthesis in the vegetation of Aldabra Atoll. Oecologia 44:327–344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31. Holm, L. G., Plucknett, D. L., Pancho, J. V., and Herberger, J. P. 1977. The World's Worst Weeds. Distribution and Biology. Univ. Press, Hawaii. 609.Google Scholar
32. Imbamba, S. K. and Papa, G. 1979. Distribution of the Kranz type anatomy in some dicotyledonous families of Kenya. Photosynthetica 13:315–322.Google Scholar
33. Jenkins, C.L.D. 1983. A rational approach to the design of C4 specific herbicides. Abstr. Weed Sci. Soc. Am. 195.Google Scholar
34. Jimenez, M. S., Caballero-Ruano, A., and Gil, F. 1981. Atriplex glauca, a new plant with Kranz syndrome. Photosynthetica 15:28–35.Google Scholar
35. Kennedy, R. A. and Laetsch, W. M. 1973. Relationship between leaf development and primary photosynthetic products in the C4 plant Portulaca oleracea L. Planta 115:113–124.Google Scholar
36. Kennedy, R. A. and Laetsch, W. M. 1974. Plant species intermediate for C3, C4 photosynthesis. Science 184:1087–1089.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37. Koch, K. E. and Kennedy, R. A. 1982. Crassulacean acid metabolism in the succulent C4 dicot, Portulaca oleracea L. under natural environmental conditions. Plant Physiol. 69:757–761.Google Scholar
38. Krenzer, E. G., Moss, D. N., and Crookston, R. K. 1975. Carbon dioxide compensation points of flowering plants. Plant Physiol. 56:194–206.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
39. Laetsch, W. M. 1974. The C4 syndrome: A structural analysis. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 25:27–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
40. Long, S. P., Incoll, L. D., and Woolhouse, H. W. 1975. C4 photosynthesis in plants from cool temperate regions, with particular reference to Spartina townsendii . Nature (London) 257:622–624.Google Scholar
41. Meinzer, F. C. 1978. Observations on the taxonomic and ecologic distribution of C4 photosynthesis in northwestern Central America. Rev. Biol. Trop. 26:359–369.Google Scholar
42. Moss, D. N., Krenzer, E. G. Jr., and Brun, W. A. 1969. Carbon dioxide compensation points in related plant species. Science 164:187–188.Google Scholar
43. Mulroy, T. W. and Rundel, P. W. 1977. Annual plants: Adaptations to desert environments. BioScience 27:109–114.Google Scholar
44. Nakamoto, H., Ku, M.S.B., and Edwards, G. E. 1982. Inhibition of C4 photosynthesis by (benzomidooxy) acetic acid. Photosyn. Res. 3:293–305.Google Scholar
45. Raghavendra, A. S. 1980. Characteristics of plant species intermediate between C3 and C4 pathways of photosynthesis: Their focus of mechanism and evolution of C4 syndrome. Photosynthetica 14:271–283.Google Scholar
46. Raghavendra, A. S. and Das, V.S.R. 1976. Distribution of the C4 dicarboxylic acid pathway of photosynthesis in local monocotyledonous plants and its taxonomic significance. New Phytol. 76:301–305.Google Scholar
47. Raghavendra, A. S. and Das, V.S.R. 1978. The occurrence of C4 -photosynthesis: A supplementary list of C4 plants reported during late 1974- and mid-1977. Photosynthetica 12:200–208.Google Scholar
48. Rathnam, C.K.M., Raghavendra, A. S., and Das, V.S.R. 1976. Diversity in the arrangements of mesophyll cells among leaves of certain C4 dicotyledons in relation to C4 physiology. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 77:283–291.Google Scholar
49. Sankhla, N., Ziegler, H., Vyas, O. P., Stichler, W., and Trimborn, P. 1975. Eco-physiological studies on Indian Arid Zone plants. V. A screening of some species for the C4 -pathway of photosynthetic CO2 fixation. Oecologia 21:123–129.Google Scholar
50. Sayre, R. T., Kennedy, R. A., and Pringnitz, D. J. 1979. Photosynthetic enzyme activities and localization in Mollugo verticillata populations differing in the levels of C3 and C4 cycle operation. Plant Physiol. 64:293–299.Google Scholar
51. Smith, B. N. 1982. General characteristics of terrestrial plants (agronomic and forests) – C3, C4, and crassulacean acid metabolism plants. Pages 99–118 in Mitsui, A. and Black, C. C. Jr., eds. CRC Handbook of Biosolar Resources. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.Google Scholar
52. Smith, B. N. and Brown, W. V. 1973. The Kranz syndrome in the Gramineae as indicated by carbon iostopic ratios. Am. J. Bot. 60:503–513.Google Scholar
53. Smith, B. N. and Turner, B. L. 1975. Distribution of Kranz syndrome among Asteraceae. Am. J. Bot. 62:541–545.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
54. Szarek, S. R. 1979. The occurrence of crassulacean acid metabolism: A supplementary list during 1976 to 1979. Photosynthetica 13:467–473.Google Scholar
55. Vogel, J. C. and Fuls, A. 1978. The geographical distribution of Kranz grasses in South Africa. S. Afr. J. Sci. 74:209–215.Google Scholar
56. Waller, S. S. and Lewis, J. K. 1979. Occurrence of C3 and C4 photosynthetic pathways in North American Grasses. J. Range Mange. 32:12–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
57. Weed Science Society of America. 1971. Composite list of weeds. Weed Sci. 19:437–476.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
58. Welkie, G. W. and Caldwell, M. 1970. Leaf anatomy of species in some dicotyledon families as related to the C3 and C4 pathways of carbon fixation. Can. J. Bot. 48:2135–2146.Google Scholar
59. Ziegler, H., Batanouny, K. H., Sankhla, N., Vyas, O. P., and Stichler, W. 1981. The photosynthetic pathway types of some desert plants from India, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Iraq. Oecologia 48:93–99.Google Scholar