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Herbicide and Pharmaceutical Relationships
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 January 2017
Abstract
For many years, virtually all pharmaceutical companies had an agrochemicaldivision. This was partly to maximize the benefits of expensive chemicalsynthesis efforts by searching for many types of useful biologicalactivities. Leads for pharmaceuticals and pesticides often overlap, in somecases leading to similar compounds used for human health and weed managementpurposes. This review will focus on herbicides and herbicide classes thathave potential pharmaceutical properties, both as therapeutic agents thatact through human molecular target sites and those that act on infectiousagents. An example of the first case is compounds that target plant acetylcoenzyme A carboxylases, inhibiting fatty acid synthesis, and similarcompounds used in humans as anti-inflammatory agents. Another such exampleis the triketone class of compounds that can act both as herbicides and astreatments for the genetic disease tyrosinemia, targeting the same enzyme inboth cases. Examples of the second case are the relatively large number ofherbicides that have activity against the malaria protozoan (Plasmodium spp.). It turns out that Plasmodium spp. and related disease organisms have anorganelle that is apparently analogous to the plant plastid, the apicoplast.Herbicides such as dinitroanilines are active against several protozoanparasites by the same mechanism by which they kill plants, interaction withtubulin to halt cell division and other tubulin-dependent processes. Theseand other multiple activities of various herbicides and herbicide classesprovide perspective on the broad biological activity of herbicides andrelated compounds.
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