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Late-Season Weed Management to Stop Viable Weed SeedProduction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Erin C. Hill,
Karen A. Renner,
Mark J. VanGessel,
Robin R. Bellinder and
Barbara A. Scott
Erin C. Hill*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
Karen A. Renner
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
Mark J. VanGessel
Affiliation:
Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Delaware, Georgetown, DE 19947
Robin R. Bellinder
Affiliation:
Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
Barbara A. Scott
Affiliation:
Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Delaware, Georgetown, DE 19947
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: hiller12@msu.edu
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Abstract

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Integrated weed management (IWM) for agronomic and vegetable productionsystems utilizes all available options to effectively manage weeds.Late-season weed control measures are often needed to improve crop harvestand stop additions to the weed seed bank. Eliminating the production ofviable weed seeds is one of the key IWM practices. The objective of thisresearch was to determine how termination method and timing influence viableweed seed production of late-season weed infestations. Research wasconducted in Delaware, Michigan, and New York over a 2-yr period. The weedsstudied included: common lambsquarters, common ragweed, giant foxtail,jimsonweed, and velvetleaf. Three termination methods were imposed: cuttingat the plant base (simulating hand hoeing), chopping (simulating mowing),and applying glyphosate. The three termination timings were flowering,immature seeds present, and mature seeds present. Following termination,plants were stored in the field in mesh bags until mid-Fall when seeds werecounted and tested for viability. Termination timing influenced viable seeddevelopment; however, termination method did not. Common ragweed and giantfoxtail produced viable seeds when terminated at the time of flowering. Allspecies produced some viable seed when immature seeds were present at thetime of termination. The time of viable seed formation varied based onspecies and site-year, ranging from plants terminated the day of floweringto 1,337 growing degree d after flowering (base 10, 0 to 57 calendar d).Viable seed production was reduced by 64 to 100% when common lambsquarters,giant foxtail, jimsonweed, and velvetleaf were terminated with immatureseeds present, compared to when plants were terminated with some matureseeds present. Our results suggest that terminating common lambsquarters,common ragweed, and giant foxtail prior to flowering, and velvetleaf andjimsonweed less than 2 and 3 wk after flowering, respectively, greatlyreduces weed seed bank inputs.

Keywords

Common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L.common ragweed, Ambrosia artemiisifolia L.giant foxtail, Setaria faberi Herrm.jimsonweed, Datura stramonium L.velvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti MedikAnthesisgerminationseed bankseed developmentseed settermination

Information

Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 64 , Issue 1 , March 2016, pp. 112 - 118
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America

Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan, Texas A&M University.

References

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