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Light Intensity Is a Main Factor Affecting Fresh Market SpinachTolerance for Phenmedipham

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Ran N. Lati,
Beiquan Mou,
John S. Rachuy and
Steven A. Fennimore
Ran N. Lati*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, 1636 East Alisal Street, Salinas, CA 93905
Beiquan Mou
Affiliation:
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 1636 East Alisal Street, Salinas, CA 93905
John S. Rachuy
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, 1636 East Alisal Street, Salinas, CA 93905
Steven A. Fennimore
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, 1636 East Alisal Street, Salinas, CA 93905
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: ranlati@ucdavis.edu
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Abstract

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The few available herbicides for fresh market spinach do not provideadequate weed control, and there is need for additional herbicide tools.Phenmedipham is registered for use in processing spinach but not in freshspinach, because of potential injury and the short interval betweenapplication and spinach harvest. The objectives of this study were toevaluate the tolerance level of fresh spinach varieties to phenmedipham andevaluate the impact of light intensity on tolerance of spinach tophenmedipham. In the greenhouse, nine spinach varieties were treated withphenmedipham (0.55 kg ai ha−1). Spinach varieties exhibited awide range of tolerance, and dry weights of treated plants ranged from 40 to78% compared to the nontreated control. Based on the phenmedipham tolerancescreen, two varieties with low (Nordic) and high (Regal) tolerance tophenmedipham were treated, then exposed to half (shaded) and full(nonshaded) sunlight. Nonshaded Nordic treated with phenmedipham had 65%lower dry weight compared to similarly treated plants grown under shade,suggesting that spinach tolerance to phenmedipham was mainly affected bylight intensity. Measurements of electron transfer intensity in photosystemII also showed tolerance to phenmedipham that varied among spinach varietiesand light intensity. The maximum values of electron transfer in photosystemII of Regal treated with phenmedipham were higher than those of similarlytreated Nordic. In the field, phenmedipham was applied under varied lightand temperature conditions. The impact of light intensity on yield oftreated spinach was greater than the impact of temperature. Phenmediphamapplied under high light conditions was more injurious than when appliedunder low light conditions. Results from this study can contribute tosuccessful integration of phenmedipham into currently used fresh spinachweed management, which in turn can allow more efficient production of thiscrop.

Keywords

Phenmediphamspinach, Spinacia oleracea L. SPQOL‘Nordic’‘Regal’Fresh spinach yield loseslightphenmediphamselectivitytemperature

Information

Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 64 , Issue 1 , March 2016, pp. 146 - 153
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan, The University of Queensland

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