Hostname: page-component-6898cfcb55-w5hgh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-11-11T12:12:06.425Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Microbial Degradation of Five Substituted Urea Herbicides

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Don S. Murray,
Walter L. Rieck and
J. Q. Lynd
Don S. Murray
Affiliation:
Oklahoma Agr. Exp. Sta., Stillwater, Oklahoma, Journal Article 1700
Walter L. Rieck
Affiliation:
Oklahoma Agr. Exp. Sta., Stillwater, Oklahoma, Journal Article 1700
J. Q. Lynd
Affiliation:
Oklahoma Agr. Exp. Sta., Stillwater, Oklahoma, Journal Article 1700
Get accessRights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Phytotoxicity of five substituted urea herbicides 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (diuron), 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (monuron), 3-phenyl-1,1-dimethylurea (fenuron), 3-hexahydro-4,7-methanoindan-5-yl) −1,1-dimethylurea (norea), and 3-(m-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (fluometuron) at 0, 10, 100, and 1000 ppm were determined in factorial combination at four urea nitrogen levels of 0, 45, 450, and 900 ppm with three Aspergilli: A. niger, A. sydowi, and A. tamarii. Response interactions were apparent, with all three fungi most tolerant for fenuron and least for diuron. Apparent tolerance order of the three intermediates were: A. niger, norea > fluometuron > monuron; A. sydowi, fluometuron > monuron > norea; and A. tamarii, fluometuron > norea > monuron. Oat (Avena sativa L.) bioassay for residual herbicide toxicity indicated significant differences in herbicide degradation rates between these three fungi at 5, 10, and 20 ppm in Eufaula sand. Diuron was more rapidly degraded than monuron at these levels with fluometuron and norea somewhat intermediate. A. niger was most effective in degradation of these herbicides with A. tamarii greater than A. sydowi. High nitrogen levels in soil organic matter amendment generally favored increased rates of urea herbicide degradation.

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 17 , Issue 1 , January 1969, pp. 52 - 55
Copyright
Copyright © 1969 Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Literature Cited

1. Dalton, R. L., Evans, A. W. and Rhodes, R. C. 1965. Disappearance of diuron in cotton field soils. Proc. SWC 18:72–78.Google Scholar
2. Dubey, H. D. and Freeman, J. F. 1964. Influence of soil properties and microbial activity on the phytotoxicity of linuron and diphenamid. Soil Sci. 97:334–340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Geissbuhler, H., Haselback, C., Aebi, H. and Ebner, L. 1963. The fate of N′-(4-chlorophenoxy)-phenyl-N,N-dimethylurea (C-1963) in soils and plants III. Breakdown in soils and plants. Weed Res. 3:277–297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Hill, G. D., McGahen, J. W., Baker, H. M., Finnerty, D. W. and Bingeman, C. W. 1955. The fate of substituted urea herbicides in agricultural soils. Agron. J. 47:93–104.Google Scholar
5. Lynd, J. Q., Rieck, Charles, Barnes, Don, Murray, Don, and Santelmann, Paul W. 1967. Indicator plant aberrations at threshold soil herbicide levels. Agron. J. 59:194–196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Ogle, R. E. and Warren, G. F. 1954. Fate and activity of herbicides in soils. Weeds 3:257–273.Google Scholar
7. Rahn, E. M. and Baynard, R. E. Jr. 1958. Persistence and penetration of monuron in asparagus soils. Weeds 6:432–440.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Reid, J. J. 1960. Bacterial decomposition of herbicides. Proc. NEWCC 14:19–30.Google Scholar
9. Sheets, T. J. 1958. The comparative toxicities of four phenylurea herbicides in several soil types. Weeds 6:413–424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. Sheets, T. J. and Crafts, A. S. 1957. The phytotoxicity of four phenylurea herbicides in soil. Weeds 5:93–101.Google Scholar
11. Upchurch, R. P. 1958. The influence of soil factors on the phytotoxicity and plant selectivity of diuron. Weeds 6:161–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12. Upchurch, R. P. and Mason, D. D. 1962. The influence of soil organic matter on the phytotoxicity of herbicides. Weeds 10:9–14.Google Scholar