Our understanding of the life and reputation of the Scottish Protestant Reformer and humanist Andrew Melville is currently undergoing revision and it seems clear that he was less significant in Scottish politics, education and religion than was previously thought. This collection of papers allows one to see this revisionism in action and is an attempt to provide the grounds for a comprehensive study of Melville as a humanist intellectual. Melville's political opinions, especially his relations with James vi and ideas on a British monarchy, are explored in chapters by Roger Mason (who makes innovative use of Melville's manuscript marginalia), Steven Reid and Arthur Williamson. Melville's politics were determined by his theology, but he wrote few explicitly theological works, and when Mark Elliott compares Melville's commentary on Romans with those of his fellow Bezan Calvinists, Robert Rollock and Robert Boyd, his work lacks their theological sophistication. Melville's reputation is examined by John McCallum, who looks at his nephew James's autobiography and diary, and by Caroline Erskine who makes a more general examination of the Melville legend. She sets the prime source of the popular fiction about his leadership, Thomas M'Crie's 1819 Life of Andrew Melville, in a long-running debate about Melville's influence in which it was his enemies in the seventeenth century, such as the Episcopalian Spottiswoode, who were most influential in attributing to him a dominant position. Much of this edited volume is a deconstruction of the myths found in M'Crie but its most important contribution is in the study of Melville's neglected neo-Latin poetry. There are examinations of the anti-episcopal poetry published in his lifetime in the Melvini musae of 1620, of his works on the Gunpowder Plot and of his place in contemporary neo-Latin literary culture. These effectively demonstrate the centrality of his poetry for understanding his ideas and intellectual development. An appendix contains an edition and translation of some of his poems and psalm paraphrases, together with an extensive annotated bibliography of his works which draws attention to neglected material and will remain an invaluable tool for scholars. A useful general index and index of the first lines of Melville's poems concludes this well-produced book, although a bibliography of secondary works would have been useful. Edited by two leading scholars in this field, this volume, if read with Alan MacDonald's The Jacobean Kirk, 1567–1625 (1998) and Reid's magisterial Humanism and Calvinism (2011), takes one through this new reading of Melville but it also points beyond the tale of religious, educational and political failure to a new appreciation of Melville as a humanist and neo-Latin poet.