This collection of twelve essays in French and English is the fruit of a conference held in Paris, commemorating the seven-hundredth anniversary of the condemnation and execution of Marguerite Porete in that city. As the subtitle indicates, the essays explore many different dimensions of the life and work of Marguerite. Although these essays advance particular arguments about specific aspects of Marguerite's career and the legacy of her work, together they can serve as a comprehensive introduction to this fascinating chapter in medieval history and spirituality. The first essay, by the editors, succinctly surveys the relevant historiography and thus contextualises the individual articles that follow. From reorienting Marguerite as ‘French beguine’ to a ‘Netherlandish holy woman’, to reconstructing the politicised, highly irregular and tendentious legal proceedings against her, the circumstances of her life and death are carefully and satisfyingly redefined. Arguments for Marguerite's participation in scholastic discourse – enabled by an intriguing insistence on the orality of scholastic expression – and for her participation in the le discours courtois – enabled by an analysis of a declericalised, spiritualised vernacular romance literature – root the Miroir in the intellectual world of the late thirteenth century. Throughout the essays about Marguerite's spiritual vision in the vast and challenging Miroir, there is a tension between the intellectual currents that she engaged and the radical new vision that she expressed. Even her most daring expressions, for example about the freedom of the soul from demands of the virtues, are shown to have their roots in the venerable spiritual writings of William of St Thierry, Bernard of Clairvaux, Augustine and others. But in the uncompromising assertion of a lay woman writing and teaching in the vernacular and taken out of context in heresy trials, these ideas were dangerous enough to seal her fate. The Miroir des simples âmes has a history as mysterious and compelling as that of the author who died for it. Its original language, its translation and diffusion in medieval English, Latin and a later medieval French dialect, its radical revision and printing as a spiritual guide for nuns, and its influence on other spiritual authors and compilers are analysed here with clear indications for future research, for example on the medieval Italian translation. Some of the arguments in these chapters will be of interest primarily to specialists in the particular linguistic traditions examined, although the overall impact of these analyses points to the surprising embrace of the Miroir in the centuries following its composition, either in spite of or in ignorance of its condemnation. This surprising legacy is echoed in the modern rediscovery of the text: the first modern translation of the text (1927) – when its ‘heretical’ author had not yet been identified – received an imprimatur and nihil obstat. This volume of essays provides not a new imprimatur but rather a solid and inviting foundation for the next wave of scholarship on Marguerite.
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