Since its first volume in 1980 (Lincoln, 1067–1185, edited by David M. Smith), the English Episcopal Acta series has published the text of around 8,150 episcopal charters, but each volume could only contain a few photographs. Now that the series is almost complete for the twelfth century, and far advanced for the thirteenth, it was possible to publish a paleographic and diplomatic album of those charters. A total of 190 original charters has been selected, in a volume which gives their texts and photographs. All photographs are displayed at full size, in black and white plates (and a colour plate of four seals). The editors tried to respect a chronological sequence, but the great number of undated charters and the diversity in the format of the acts made it actually difficult. This volume gives thus a kind of survey of the diplomatic script in England during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Most charters are small pieces of parchment. They can be written by book-hands, but most often by charter-hands, in a little, cursive script. Very few charters are solemn, like for instance, papal privileges or some charters of continental bishops. An exception is a charter given to Westminster abbey by the bishops of Bath, Salisbury and Chichester in 1227 with an indenture, a decorated word ‘chirograph’, five green seals on pink silk cords (n. lxix). Many little parchments, written with a charter-hand, are letters, for example an appointment by the bishop of Exeter (no. xlixC), or litterae excusatoriae of the bishop of Hereford in 1217 (no. lxiiiB). Also very interesting is a draft of an agreement issued by Hubert Walter, archbishop of Canterbury (1203×1204, no. xciii). However, I am not so sure that it is a draft: there actually are many deletions and interlinear additions, but it is a divided chirograph with indenture. It is as unusual to issue a corrected text as to divide a draft. So it could be a first version, issued, but then contested, rewritten and used as draft. This volume also is a survey of the different methods for sealing charters. Some of the oldest charters have no seal (but they are chirographs). Other old charters have steps for lost tongues, or slits for tags and seals. Almost all charters are preserved in England, and in a great diversity of English archives, but some of them are in France and Belgium, and that underlines the links between English bishops and some continental monasteries, mainly, but not only, in Normandy. The Facsimiles is an excellent selection of high medieval English bishop's charters: time, bishopric seat, place of conservation, legal action, seal, script… : the collection is very representative of the diversity of these charters, and it will be a very useful book for all teachers and students in diplomatics, palaeography and church history.
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