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The significance of Körber's “Typenherbar”, with an explanation of the locality abbreviations on his labels

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 January 2013

Jiří LIŠKA
Jiří LIŠKA*
Affiliation:
Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic. Email: liska@ibot.cas.cz
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Abstract

The article explains the current structure of Körber's herbarium, located in the Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden (L). Originally, Körber's herbarium was composed of two separate collections. One part, Koerber Typenherbar, represents well-developed samples of each species, but they are in fact often fragments of specimens from the main collection (Koerber Stammherbar). Several examples are presented which demonstrate the relationship between both parts of the collection, various origins of specimens in the Koerber Typenherbar and their importance for lectotypification. Some specimens in Körber's herbarium were labelled only with an abbreviation or a symbol instead of a locality. All abbreviations/symbols with their explanations, kept in the Leiden herbarium archive, are listed here with information on the current names of the sampling localities in Poland and the Czech Republic.

Keywords

Czech RepublicGermanyherbariumKoerberLeidenlichensnomenclaturePolandSilesiatype specimen

Information

Type
Articles
Information
The Lichenologist , Volume 45 , Issue 1 , January 2013 , pp. 25 - 33
Copyright
Copyright © British Lichen Society 2013

Introduction

Gustav Wilhelm Körber (1817–1885), the noted 19th century German lichenologist, started his career as a teacher at the gymnasium in Wrocław in Poland (formerly Breslau in Prussia, Province Silesia) in 1842, and became a professor at the University of Wrocław in 1873. Systema Lichenum Germaniae (1855) and Parerga Lichenologica (1859–1865) are his most important and well-known publications. He also edited the exsiccate Lichenes selecti Germaniae (1858–1873); see Grummann (Reference Grummann1974). His herbarium is located in Leiden (Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch). Further specimens are also in other herbaria (e.g., B, BM, H, M, MSTR, W, WRSL, see Grummann Reference Grummann1974).

On August 18th 1880, Körber sold his whole herbarium to W. F. R. Suringar, professor of botany at the University of Leiden between 1857–1898 and herbarium director from 1871. Körber's herbarium became part of the Rijksherbarium Leiden. Grummann (Reference Grummann1974) erroneously states that Körber sold his herbarium to the Dutch Botanical Society (KNBV) but in fact the Reichsherbarium (=Rijksherbarium) is specified in the purchase contract. Körber's herbarium comprised several exsiccate collections (e.g., Massalongo Lichenes italici, Stenhammar Lichenes Sueciae, Th. Fries Lichenes Scandinaviae rariores et critici) and two collections by Körber himself. The Haupt- or Allgemeine Sammlung consisted of 135 packages of main collections and the Typensammlung of 100 cartons and 32 boards (Cladonia spp.). Today, Körber's herbarium is not kept as a separate collection but is incorporated in the general lichen collection of the Leiden Herbarium (L). Specimens from the first part of Körber's collection (Hauptsammlung) are labelled as “KOERBER Stammherbar”, and those from the second one (Typensammlung) as “KOERBER Typenherbar”. Initially, Körber indicated in his offer that this last mentioned collection was unsaleable, but finally it was a component of the collection purchased, as stated in the transaction document, and sold for a total of 3000 Marks.

Körber's Typenherbar and its importance for lectotypification

The specimens of the Koerber Typenherbar are glued on small pieces of cardboard and usually labelled with shortened locality information (e.g., Sudeten). “Typen” in “Typenherbar” is not to be mistaken for typus in the sense of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Instead, it contains well-developed sample(s) of each species (Körber in his offer, May 1880: “von jeder Species ein Repräsentant in besonders instructivem Exemplar”) and this collection was a reference herbarium used as a tool for identification. Such special herbaria of representative samples such as Körber's Typenherbar were common in the 19th century. Typenherbar specimens could represent type material, but it is not correct to regard them automatically as type material (cf. Wirth Reference Wirth1970). Therefore, not all specimens have the same importance in this respect.

A frequent origin of specimens in the Typenherbar collection is the result of fragmentation of specimens from the Stammherbar collection. It is rare to find a whole original specimen in the Typenherbar collection. Therefore, a fragment of the Stammherbar specimen present in the Typenherbar collection is potentially type material. Complete data on locality usually accompanies these Stammherbar specimens, making most of these more suitable for lectotypification. Moreover, such specimens often contain several pieces, while the specimen in the Typenherbar is often only one small piece (the size of the sample is also an important criterion when designating a lectotype). However, Typenherbar specimens are often well developed (the best and most ‘typical’ samples) and suitable for lectotypification for this reason. In several cases, it is possible to retrace the specimen from which the Typenherbar fragments were taken, with the original locality label. The character of the Typenherbar specimen (the substratum) usually indicates that it is a fragment of the Stammherbar specimen. It is not my intention here to select types or to perform lectotypifications. The following examples illustrate the various origins of Typenherbar specimens and complications with their interpretation, and are just some of the discrepancies that I encountered during my work in the Leiden herbarium which should be kept in mind in case of possible lectotypifications in the future, regardless of ‘holotype’ labels on specimens. However, herbarium specimens in other herbaria should, of course, also be taken into account by specialists performing nomenclatural studies.

  1. 1. The Typenherbar specimen was identified to be a fragment of a Stammherbar specimen that is original material: The Segestrella cruenta Körb. (=Sporodictyon cruentum) specimen (L-0399783) in the Stammherbar is labelled as ‘the holotype’ (locality “Riesengrund 1849, an Granit”). However, Swinscow & James published the new combination Polyblastia cruenta in Swinscow (Reference Swinscow1971: 110), where another Stammherbar specimen L-0793135 (the old number 910, 213-1364) is mentioned as the holotype specimen, locality: “an trocken Felsblocken (Granit) unweit der Petz … grund, am Wimmerbergs … 28 Jul. 1849”. Both localities are in accordance with the protologue (Risengrund and Petzkretscham in Aupagrund are the same valley). The Typenherbar specimen (L-0837136) labelled “Sudeten (Kbr)” is clearly a fragment of the Stammherbar specimen L-0793135, because both specimens have the same thallus colour and substratum character. The Stammherbar specimen L-0399783 does not have such a dark thallus, but the substratum rock is the same. According to Körber (Reference Körber1855: 336), he found this species only once on granite at the locality “am Fusse des Wimmerberges unweit des Petzkretschams im Riesengebirge im J. 1849”. Therefore, all specimens mentioned are in fact syntypes, and the Typenherbar specimen (L-0837136) from Leiden should be taken into consideration when selecting a lectotype in the future.

  2. 2. The Typenherbar specimen is only a fragment of a specimen in the Stammherbar, but is still potentially a better lectotype: Catillaria sphaeralis Körb. (=C. contristans) specimen (L-0056594) in the Typenherbar represents original material and is labelled “lectotype”, but without any further note or name. The other potential type specimens L-0056595 and L-0063110 in the Stammherbar are labelled as the isotypes. All specimens have the same moss as the substratum with intermixed squamules of Cladonia sp., and they very probably are duplicates of one collection. However, the specimen L-0063110 has the locality and additional original data concerning spores written by Körber on a label inside the envelope. Therefore, this could be the specimen from where the Typenherbar specimen was taken (the Stammherbar specimen L-0063110 contains only a few small fragments). The Typenherbar specimen is well preserved, because it is glued onto a small piece of cardboard. In contrast, the Stammherbar specimen is generally better developed, but loosely inserted in an envelope and it consists of several small fragments. Note: the specimen L-0837155 represents another original sample labelled “Rk 1859” (=“Riesengebirge, Schneekoppe”, see the locality abbreviations below), but the lichen is growing together with moss on rock.

  3. 3. The Typenherbar specimen is the only known original material: The Typenherbar specimen of Verrucaria (=Porina) sudetica Körb. (L-0837141), labelled Sudeten on the envelope and “Zehgrund ad rupes 1849” inside, is the only original material found in the Leiden herbarium. This is the reason why this Typenherbar specimen has an exceptional label with an unusually precise locality. Probably, it is the only original specimen available.

  4. 4. The Typenherbar specimen was identified to be a fragment of the Stammherbar specimen, which is not original material: The Typenherbar specimen of Arthonia sorbina Körb. (L-0837169) is clearly a fragment separated from the specimen L-0837168, which is not original material. Both specimens have the same character: substratum and style of cutting bark as well as identical lichen vegetation of accompanying species. Another specimen, L-0700385, represents original material and Sundin suggested in 1999 that this should become the lectotype, according to a note label inside the specimen, but the lectotypification has not yet been published; the name A. sorbina (=A. radiata) is not mentioned in the paper by Sundin & Tehler (Reference Sundin and Tehler1998). The exsiccate specimens distributed as Lichenes selecti Germaniae n. 20 Coniangium sorbinum represent further original material (this exsiccate is mentioned in the protologue) and therefore they are possible isolectotypes.

  5. 5. The Typenherbar specimen consists of several fragments of different origin: The specimen of Opegrapha (=Enterographa) zonata Körb. (L-0837144) consists of two fragments of different origin, which is obvious as they have a different colour and substratum. The small piece is clearly a fragment of the specimen L-0837147 as they have the same substratum and an atypical brown thallus colour. The large piece is probably a fragment of the specimen L-0837145 (topotype, but not original material). The specimen L-0837146 which is labelled as an isotype (probably by Torrente & Egea, but the holotype specimen is not cited in the monograph Torrente & Egea Reference Torrente and Egea1989), is in fact a topotype, because it is the specimen of the Lichenes selecti Germaniae, edited later. Two other specimens (L-0837142 and L-0837143) are syntypes, and one or two further syntypes can be found in the Wroclaw herbarium (one probably collected by Stein, in which case it would only be a topotype). Wirth (1970) considered the Typenherbar specimen L-0837144 to be the type, but he did not mention additional original material (only topotype specimens).

  6. 6. The Typenherbar and the Stammherbar specimens have different origins, but both represent original material. Laurer collected the Typenherbar specimen of Biatora laureri Körb. (L-0649877) in Riesengebirge. The Stammherbar specimen (L-0649876) is labelled Sudeten (v. Flotow). The protologue mentions material collected by both Laurer and Flotow in Riesengebirge. However, the name Biatora laureri (=Lecidea subgranatina) is a nomen illegitimum (Art. 53.1).

These are examples of specimens in the Typenherbar collection of various origin, indicating that such specimens have a different importance for lectotypification. Therefore, all accessible material should be checked before any nomenclatural evaluation.

General recommendations for typification of Körber names

  1. 1. To have all material from L and other relevant herbaria available, and preferably visit the herbarium L personally.

  2. 2. To compare the type locality in the protologue with data in Körber's Systema Lichenum Germaniae (Reference Körber1855) and Parerga Lichenologica (1859–1865) for possible further details.

  3. 3. To check all specimens regardless of ‘type’ labelling (incl. Typenherbar).

  4. 4. To check locality labels, even in the case of reduced use of locality and abbreviations (see below).

  5. 5. To sort out and annotate all type material.

  6. 6. To compare the type material in the Stammherbar (and/or the type specimens from other herbaria) with Typenherbar specimens in L, in order to trace the potential type material here.

  7. 7. To designate the lectotype with respect to quality and quantity of specimen.

  8. 8. It is recommended that curators and people administrating herbarium databases add literature references for basionym and typification when types are registered.

Körber's locality abbreviations/symbols on labels of specimens and their explanations

A list of symbols (often abbreviations), which Körber sometimes used instead of a locality on labels of his specimens (e.g. L-0063110 and L-0837155), is kept in the Leiden herbarium archive. A list of collection sites, that is explanations of these abbreviations/symbols, is written by Körber in “Old German script” (Kurrentschrift or Alte Deutsche Schrift, see Fig. 1). It is interesting that all Körber's handwritten letters concerning his herbarium (kept also in the Leiden herbarium archive) do not use this old type of handwriting (neither symbols nor abbreviations use the old type).

Fig. 1.

The original Körber manuscript with list of collection sites, abbreviations and their explanations for places in the Silesian part of the Giant Mts and Kłodzko County, as used in Koerber's lichen herbarium.

Even though Körber sold his herbarium to Leiden, other specimens labelled with only Körber's symbols could also be found in other herbaria. Körber's symbols often consist of the first letter or abbreviations of a locality name (several symbols are witty, see, e.g., RT and Rt or R3 and R7). However, it is impossible to identify the localities without Körber's original clue. A transliteration of Körber's original explanations is published here, together with the current Polish or Czech names of the localities and details of their situation. Arrangement: Körber's symbol (repeated letters have the same meaning, e.g., all localities beginning with R are from the Giant Mts, similarly Gl from Kłodzko County, H from Jelenia Góra surroundings, Sg from the Jeseníky Mts) – the original explanation written by Körber with an alternative German name for the original locality (e.g., Ah: Körber wrote Herdberg, but on some maps it is Heerdberg) or an itemized abbreviation (e.g., F: Körber wrote b. meaning bei) in square brackets=current name and location (localities on the border have both the Polish and the Czech name).

Note: A strict alphabetical order is used in the following list that sometimes deviates from Körber's original arrangement.

Agn

Agnetendorf, Gebirgsdorf am Fuss des Hohen Rades=Jagniątków (village c. 13 km SW of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

Ah

Herdberg [Heerdberg] bei Agnetendorf= Mt Żar (680 m, 1 km NE of Jagniątków village), Poland

Bb

Berbisdorf bei Hirschberg= Dziwiszów (c. 5 km NE of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

Bbr

Boberröhrsdorf bei Hirschberg= Siedlęcin (village c. 4 km NW of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

BbSt

Stangenberg bei Berbisdorf= Leśnica hill (665 m, 1 km N of Dziwiszów village), Poland

Bh

Bolkenhain=Bolków (town c. 27 km E of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

Br

Brückenberg=Karpacz Górny (also Bierutowice, part of Karpacz town), Poland

C

Carlsthal=Orle (hamlet 9 km ESE of Szklarska Poręba town), Poland

CB

Buchberg an der Iser=Jizerka (hamlet in municipality Kořenov, Jizera Mts), Czech Republic

Eu

Eulengebirge=Góry Sowie Mts (near Wałbrzych city), Poland

F

Fürstenstein b.[ei] Freiburg=Książ near Świebozice (castle N of Wałbrzych city), Poland

Fb

Fischbach b.[ei] Hirschberg=Karpniki (village 10 km SE of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

Ffb

Falkenberge b.[ei] Fischbach=Sokole Góry (mountain ridge in the Rudawy Janowickie Mts SE of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

Fgr

Fürstensteiner Grund=Park Książański (romantic park in valley near Książ castle N of Wałbrzych city), Poland

Fl

Flinsberg [Bad Flinsberg], Heilquelle an der Iser=Świeradów Zdrój (spa c. 25 km W of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

Gl

Grafschaft Glatz=Kłodzko County (historical region in Lower Silesia), Poland

Glc

Cudowa in der Gr.[afschaft] G.[latz]= Kudowa Zdrój (spa c. 25 km E of Kłodzko city), Poland

Glhs

Heuscheuer=Mt Szczeliniec (919 m, Góry Stolowe Mts W of Kłodzko city), Poland

GlLd

Landeck=Lądek-Zdrój (spa c. 18 km SE of Kłodzko city), Poland

Glm

Hohe Mense=Mt Vrchmezí/Góra Orlica (1084 m, Góry Orlickie/Orlické Mts), Poland/Czech Republic

GlR

Reinerz [Bad Reinerz]=(spa c. 18 km SW of Kłodzko city), Poland http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_Polish

Gls

Seefelder bei Rainerz=Torfowisko pod Zieleńcem (peat-bog nature reservation c. 6 km S of Duszniki-Zdrój town), Poland

Glsn

Mährischer Schneeberg=Mt Śnieżnik Kłodzki/Králický Sněžník (1425 m), Poland/Czech Republic

GlWg

Wölfelsgrund – Międzygórze (village c. 25 km SSE of Kłodzko city), Poland

GlWL

Wildes Loch, Sandsteinfelsgruppe bei dem Dorfe bukowina in d.[er] Gr.[afschaft] Glatz=Błędne Skały (Wilde Löchern) near Bukowina Kłodzka (sandstone rock labyrinth in the Góry Stolowe Mts near Kudowa Zdrój spa), Poland

Grsp

Grunauer Spitzberg bei Hirschberg= Stromiec hill N of Jeżów Sudecki village (551 m, Kaczawskie Góry Mts N of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

GW

Wolfsberg bei Goldberg=Wilków (village 4 km S of Zlotoryja town), Poland

H

Hirschberg=Jelenia Góra city, Poland

Ha

Audienzberg bei H.[irschberg]= Wzgórze Partyzantów hill [another name: Kamienista hill] (412 m, W of Parkówa Góra hill, NE outskirts of the city), Poland

HC

Cunnersdorf [Kunersdorf] bei H.[irschberg]=Jelenia Góra (SW outskirts), Poland

Hc

Cavalierberg [Kavalierberg, Galgenberg] bei H.[irschberg]=Wzgórze T. Kościuszki hill (412 m, E outskirts of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

Hdr

Drachenburg [Drachenberg] bei H.[irschberg]=castle ruins on Wzgórze Wandy hill (401 m, between Wzgórze T. Kościuszki hill and Paulinum castle, E outskirts of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

HE

Eichberg=Dąbrowica (village 5 km ESE of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

HEm

Molkenberg bei E.[ichberg]=Dąbrowa Boleslaviecka hill (462 m) near Dąbrowica village, Poland

Hgb

Grünbusch [Grün-Busch] bei H.[irschberg]=forest on Zamkowa Góra hill between Dąbrowica and Jelenia Góra (c. 4 km ESE of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

Hgl

Gelhornberg [Gellhornberg] b.[ei] Hirschberg=hill near manor house Dwor Czarne in Jelenia Góra (E outskirts of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

Hh

Hausberg b.[ei] Hirschberg=Wzgórze Krzywoustego hill (373 m, N outskirts of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

Hhl

Helikon b.[ei] Hirschberg=Siodło hill (468 m, N outskirts of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

Hkb

Kuhberg b.[ei] Hirschberg=Parkowa Góra hill (382 m, near railway station, NE outskirts of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

Hkz

Kreuzberg [Kramstaberg] b.[ei] H.[irschberg]=Wzgórze Zamkowe hill, park Paulinum (440 m, SE outskirts of the Jelenia Góra city), Poland [Note: there are further hills with the same German name Kreuzberg near Jelenia Góra city, eg. Wzgórze Kapliczna hill (418 m, N outskirts of Jelenia Góra city), Krzyżowa Góra (443 m) near Mysłakowice c. 7 km SE of of Jelenia Góra city or Krzyżnik near Podgórki village (12 km NE of Jelenia Góra city); a more distant but popular excursion aim is Krzyżna Góra Mt (654 m, Rudawy Janowickie Mts. c. 10 km ESE of Jelenia Góra city]

HL

Langenau b.[ei] H.[irschberg]= Czernica (village c. 8 km N of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

Hlm

Lomnitz=Łomnica (village c. 6 km SE of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

HP

Paulinum b.[ei] Hirschberg=Paulinum castle in Jelenia Góra (SE outskirts), Poland

Hs

im Sattler (Boberthal bei H.[irschberg])= in Borowy Jar (valley of Bobr river NW of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

HsE

an der Weltende im Sattler=at Koniec Świata (place in Borowy Jar valley between Jelenia Góra and Siedlęcin), Poland

HStr

Straupitz b.[ei] Hirschberg=Strupice (today NE part of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

Kf

Kaufungen [Kauffung, Kaufung], Dorf b.[ei] Schönau=Wojcieszów near Swierzawa (town 18 km NE of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

Kfk

Kitzelberg bei Kaufungen [Kauffung, Kaufung]=Mt Polom near Wojcieszów town (667 m, 18 km NE of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

Kpll

Kapellenberg b.[ei] Hirschberg= Widok hill between Podgórki and Dziwiszów villages (515 m, 12 km NE of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

Kr

Krummhübel=Karpacz (spa c. 14 km S of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

Kz

Kynast b.[ei] Hermsdorf=Chojnik (ruin of castle S of Sobieszów village, c. 10 km SW of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

Oschm

Ober Schmiedeberg=today SE part of Kowary (town c. 13 km SSE of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

Psp

Probsthainer Spitzberg=Ostrzyca Proboszczowicka hill (501 m, 12 km SW of Zlotoryja city), Poland

Pt (PL?)

Petersdorf=Piechowice (village c. 12 km SW of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

R

Riesengebirge=Karkonosze/Krkonoše (Giant Mts, Sudeten Mts), Poland/Czech Republic

RAa

Aupaabhang=Úpská jáma (S slope of Mt Śnieżka/Sněžka), Czech Republic

Rasg

Agnetendorfer Schneegrube [Schwarze Schneegrube]=Czarny Kocioł (eastern part of Śnieżne Kotły cirque), Poland

RB

Brunnenberg [Brunnberg]=Mt Studniční hora (1554 m), Czech Republic

REf

Elbfall=Labský vodopád (Elbe waterfall), Czech Republic

REgr

Elbgrund=Labský důl (cirque underneath the Elbe waterfall), Czech Republic

REW

Elbwiese – Labská louka (plateau of the Elbe river spring), Czech Republic

Rgk

Riesengebirgskamm=main border ridge of the Giant Mts, Poland/Czech Republic

Rgr

Riesengrund=Obří důl (cirque on S slope of Mt Śnieżka/Sněžka), Czech Republic

Rgrb

im Riesengrund und alten Bergwerk= in Obří důl cirque and at Kovárna (old mine in the Obří důl cirque), Czech Republic

Rh

Hainfall=wodospad Podgórnej (waterfall in Przesieka village c. 10 km SW of Jelenia Góra), Poland

Rhm

Hampelbaude – Strzecha Akademicka (1258 m, mountain chalet near Maly Staw lake), Poland

RIw

Iserwiese=Hala Iserska/Velká Jizerská louka (peat-bog nature reservation in the Jizera Mts), Poland/Czech Republic

Rk

Schneekoppe=Mt Śnieżka/Sněžka (1602 m, the highest peak of the Giant Mts), Poland/Czech Republic

Rkch

Kochelfall=wodospad Szklarki (waterfall near E margin of Szklarska Poręba town), Poland

Rkgr

Kesselgrube – Kotelné jámy (cirque on SE slope of Mt Kotel), Czech Republic

Rkk

Kesselkoppe – Mt Kotel (1435 m), Czech Republic

Rkm

Koppenkamm (Riesenkamm, Hauptkamm)=Czarny Grzbiet/Obří hřeben (main mountain crest of the Giant Mts

Rkpl

Koppenplan=Równia pod Śnieżka/Úpská rašelina (peat-bog plateau W of Mt Śnieżka/Mt Sněžka), Poland/Czech Republic

Rkst

Korallensteine=Paciorki (rocks between Jagniątków village and the Śnieżne Kotły cirque), Poland

RM

Mittagstein=Mt Słonecznik (near Wielki Staw lake), Poland

RMn

Mannsteine=Mt Czeskie Kamienie/Mužské kameny, Poland/Czech Republic

Rm

Melzergrund=Kocioł Łomniczki (cirque on N slope of Mt Śnieżka/Sněžka), Poland

Rmd

Mädelsteine=Mt Śląskie Kamienie/Dívčí kameny, Poland/Czech Republic

RRd

Hohes Rad=Mt Wielki Szyszak/Vysoké kolo(1509 m), Poland/Czech Republic

RRf

Reifträger=Mt Szrenica (1362 m), Poland

Rrg

Teufelsgärtchen=Čertova zahrádka (important botanical locality in the Obří důl cirque), Czech Republic

Rs

Seifenlehnen=Złotówka (valley of the Złoty Potok brook near Mały Staw lake), Poland

RSg

Grosse Schneegrube=Wielki Kocioł Śnieżny cirque (central part of the Śnieżne Kotły cirque), Poland

Rsg

Kleine Schneegrube=Mały Kocioł Śnieżny cirque (western part of the Śnieżne Kotły cirque), Poland

Rsgb

am Basalt der Kleinen Schneegrube= on basalt rocks in Żleb basaltowy gully (Mały Kocioł Śnieżny cirque), Poland

Rsk

Schwarze Koppe=Mt Czarna Kopa/Svorová hora (1411 m), Poland/Czech Republic

RSt

Grosse Sturmhaube=Mt Śmielec (1424 m), Poland

RT

am Grosssen Teich=near Wielki Staw lake, Poland

Rt

am Kleinen Teich=near Mały Staw lake, Poland

RtL (Rtl?)

Lehne des Kleinen Teichs=slope above Mały Staw lake, Poland

RW

Weisse Wiese=Bílá louka (locality on N slope of Mt Studniční hora), Czech Republic

Rw

Wiesenbaude=Luční bouda (1410 m, the oldest mountain chalet in the Giant Mts from 1625), Czech Republic

RWw

am Weisswasser=near the Bílé Labe brook, Czech Republic

Rz

Zackenfall [Zackelfall]=Wodospad Kamieńczyka (waterfall in the Giant Mts c. 4 km SW of Szklarska Poręba town, formerly Schreiberhau), Poland

R3

Dreisteine=Pielgrzymy (1204 m, rocks N of Wielki Staw lake), Poland

R7

Siebengründe=Sedmidolí [=Seven Valleys] (N slope of the Elbe cirque beneath of Mt Vysoké Kolo), Czech Republic

S

Sudeten=Sudety (Sudeten Highlands, Sudetes, mountain area on border of the Czech Republic and Poland, mountain area of the historical land Silesia), Poland/Czech Republic

SBg

Babia Gora=Mt Babia Gora (1722 m, c. 50 km SSW of Cracow city, 49°35′0″N, 19°32′0″E), Poland

Schm

Schmiedeberg=Kowary (town c. 13 km SSE of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

Schr

Schreibershau [Schreiberhau]=Szklarska Poręba (town c. 18 km SW of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

SchrH

Schreibershauer [Schreiberhauer] Hochstein=Mt Wysoki Kamień (1058 m), Poland

Sg

Gesenke=Jeseníky Mts, Czech Republic

SgA

Altvater im Gesenke=Mt Praděd (1497 m), Czech Republic

SgH

Hochschar im Gesenke=Mt Šerák (1351 m), Czech Republic

Sgk

Köpernikstein im Gesenke=Mt Keprník (1424 m), Czech Republic

Sgp

Peterstein im Gesenke=Mt Petrovy kameny (1446 m), Czech Republic

St

Stonsdorf bei Hirschberg=Staniszów (village c. 4 km S of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

Stp

Prudelberg b.[ei] Stonsdorf=Witosza hill (484 m, E of Staniszów village), Poland

Str

Striegauer Berge – Wzgórza Strzegomskie (upland c. 20 km N of Wałbrzych city), Poland

Strh

Strehlener Berge – Wzgórza Strzelińskie (upland c. 40 km S of Wrocław city), Poland

Sz

Salzbrunn [Bad Salzbrunn] b.[ei] Freiburg=Szczawno-Zdrój near Świebozice (spa c. 3 km N of Wałbrzych city), Poland http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_Polish

W

Warmbrunn [Bad Warmbrunn]= Cieplice Śląskie-Zdrój (spa, today SW part of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

Wh

Hermsdorf b.[ei] Warmbrunn= Sobieszów (village, today SW part of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

WH

Herischdorf=Malinnik (village, today S part of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

Whk

Kynast bei Hermsdorf=Chojnik (ruin of castle S of Sobieszów village, c. 10 km SW of Jelenia Góra city), Poland

Ws

Scholzenberg=Góra Soltysia hill (434 m, E of Cieplice Śląskie-Zdrój spa), Poland

Z

Zobtenberg=Mt Ślęża (718 m, c. 35 km SW of Wrocław city near Sobótka village, holy place of the heathen tribes of the Lusatian culture from 7th century BC as well as during Christian times; 50°51′54·06″N, 16°42′31·74″E), Poland

Zm

Mittelberg bei Zobten=Mt Wieżyca (415 m, N part of Mt Ślęża system), Poland http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusatian_culture

I am indebted to Gerard Thijsse, chief collection manager of the Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch, for his help with my work in the Leiden herbarium, and for placing copies of documents concerning Körber's herbarium at my disposal. Thanks are due to several colleagues and friends for their assistance in deciphering handwriting: A. Igersheim (Wien), J. Píka (Zürich), J. Hadinec (Praha) and J. Zázvorka (Praha). The assistance of M. Kossowska (Wrocław) and I. Łaborewicz (Jelenia Góra) in providing current names and locations of Körber's localities is greatly appreciated. Mrs J. Forry kindly corrected the English. I am indebted to Mats Wedin (Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm) for improving the clarity of the text. This project was supported by the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (AV0Z60050516), Grant Agency of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (IAA600050712) and as a long-term research development project no. RVO 67985939. All support is acknowledged.

References

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Figure 0

Fig. 1. The original Körber manuscript with list of collection sites, abbreviations and their explanations for places in the Silesian part of the Giant Mts and Kłodzko County, as used in Koerber's lichen herbarium.