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New records and range expansion of lessepsian migrants in the Levantine and Aegean Seas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 February 2010

Theodoros Tzomos ,
Niki Chartosia ,
Magdalini Christodoulou  and
Miltiadis-Spyridon Kitsos
Theodoros Tzomos*
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristoteleio University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
Niki Chartosia
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristoteleio University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
Magdalini Christodoulou
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristoteleio University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
Miltiadis-Spyridon Kitsos
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristoteleio University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Th. Tzomos, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristoteleio University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece email: ttzomos@bio.auth.gr

Abstract

The lessepsian species, Upeneus pori (Pisces), Sepioteuthis lessoniana (Cephalopoda) and Aquilonastra burtoni (Echinodermata) are reported for the first time from Cyprus, while the lessepsian bivalve, Barbatia plicata is reported for the first time from Kastelorizo Island, Greece. Finally, the fish species Pempheris vanicolensis, Sphyraena pinguis and Hemirampus far were collected more northerly than their previous records in the Aegean Sea. The geographical distribution of these species is given. According to the new records, the number of lessepsian fish, mollusc and echinoderm species known from Cyprus increases to 25, 38 and 4 species respectively.

Keywords

PiscesMolluscaEchinodermatalessepsian migration

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Marine Biodiversity Records , Volume 3 , June 2010 , e10
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2010

INTRODUCTION

The first review of the phenomenon of lessepsian migration was given by Por (Reference Por1978). In this review, he reported 27 lessepsian fish, 27 mollusc and 2 echinoderm species. Further information on the lessepsian migrants of these taxonomic groups, as well as their distributional expansion in the Mediterranean has been given in a significant number of publications (e.g. El Sayed, Reference El Sayed1994; Golani et al., Reference Golani, Orsi-Relini, Massutí, Quignard and Briand2002, Reference Golani, Orsi-Relini, Massuti and Quignard2004, Reference Golani, Orsi-Relini, Massuti and Quignard2006, Reference Golani, Orsi-Relini, Massuti, Quignard and Dulčić2007; Salman, Reference Salman2002; Zenetos et al., Reference Zenetos, Gofas, Russo, Templado and Briand2003, Reference Zenetos, Çinar, Pancucci-Papadopoulou, Harmelin, Furnari, Andaloro, Bellou, Streftaris and Zibrowius2005; Corsini et al., Reference Corsini, Margies, Kondilatos and Economidis2005; Por & Dimentman, Reference Por and Dimentman2006; Streftaris & Zenetos, Reference Streftaris and Zenetos2006; Corsini-Foka & Economidis, Reference Corsini-Foka and Economidis2007; Tzomos, Reference Tzomos2007; Koukouras et al., in press).

Up to now, 24 lessepsian fish, 37 mollusc and 3 echinoderm species have been reported from Cyprus (Tzomos, Reference Tzomos2007; Katsanevakis et al., Reference Katsanevakis, Tsiamis, Ioannou, Michailidis and Zenetos2009). In respect to the Aegean Sea, 29 lessepsian fish, 19 mollusc and 1 echinoderm species have been reported so far (e.g. Pancucci-Papadopoulou et al., Reference Pancucci-Papadopoulou, Zenetos, Corsini-Foka and Politou2006; Koukouras et al., Reference Koukouras, Sinis, Bobori, Kazantzidis and Kitsos2007; Tzomos, Reference Tzomos2007; Zenetos et al., Reference Zenetos, Vassilopoulou, Salomidi and Poursanidis2007; Galil, Reference Galil2009).

This study aims to provide new information on the lessepsian fish, mollusc and echinoderm species at the coasts of Cyprus, Kastelorizo Island and the Aegean Sea.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Samplings were carried out from 2003 until 2009, at numerous stations in southern and western Cyprus, Kastelorizo Island and the Aegean Sea. The samples were collected with all available sampling gears depending on the habitat. Samples were deposited in the Museum of the Department of Zoology, Aristoteleio University of Thessaloniki (MDZAUT).

RESULTS

New record from Kastelorizo Island

Phylum MOLLUSCA
Class BIVALVIA
Subclass PTEROMORPHIA
Family ARCIDAE Lamarck, 1809
Genus Barbatia Gray, 1842
Barbatia plicata (Dillwyn, 1817).

Acar plicata, Zenetos et al. (Reference Zenetos, Gofas, Russo, Templado and Briand2003), p. 210, figure 1

Material: 5 specimens; Station 3, Kastelorizo Island, Greece (Figure 1); depth: 80 m; maerl beds; 11 August 2004; shell length = 11–15 mm.

Fig. 1.

Map indicating the location of the new records of lessepsian species: (1) Lemesos Bay; (2) Pafos; (3) Kastelorizo Island; (4) Kusadasi Bay.

A species widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific Ocean. It has been reported from the Red Sea and the Suez Canal (Moazzo, Reference Moazzo1939; Oliver, Reference Oliver1992; Oliver & Holmes, Reference Oliver and Holmes2004; Taylor & Glover, Reference Taylor and Glover2004). Up to now, the only record of this species from the Mediterranean was from the coast of Israel (Barash & Danin, Reference Barash and Danin1986).

This is the second record of B. plicata from the Mediterranean which significantly expands its known distribution in the Levantine basin.

New records from Cyprus

Phylum MOLLUSCA
Class CEPHALOPODA
Order TEUTHOIDEA
Family LOLIGINIDAE d'Orbigny, 1845
Genus Sepioteuthis Blainville, 1824
Sepioteuthis lessoniana Férussac, 1831 in Lesson, 1830–1831

Sepioteuthis lessoniana, Roper et al. (Reference Roper, Sweeney and Nauen1984), pp.109–111, figures 1–5; Nesis (Reference Nesis1987), p.147, figures 35K & L.

Material: 1 specimen; Station 2, Pafos, Cyprus (Figure 1); depth: 0 m (surface); date: 14 August 2009; mantle length = 32 cm.

This Indo-Pacific teuthid species has a wide distribution, from the Red Sea and the southern African coast through to Japan, Hawaii and north-eastern Australia (Nesis, Reference Nesis1987). Its first record in the Mediterranean Sea was from Iskenderun Bay, southern Turkish coast (Salman, Reference Salman2002), while it has also been recorded from Israel (Mienis, Reference Mienis, Őztűrk and Salman2004) and recently from the Aegean Sea (Lefkaditou et al., Reference Lefkaditou, Corsini-Foka and Kondylatos2009).

This is the first record of this species from Cyprus and also the first record of a lessepsian cephalopod species from the island. Sepioteuthis lessoniana seems to be well established in the area, since it is regularly found in the Cypriot fish markets.

Phylum ECHINODERMATA
Class ASTEROIDEA
Family ASTERINIDAE Gray, 1840
Genus Aquilonastra O'Loughlin, 2004
Aquilonastra burtoni (Gray, 1840)

Asterina burtoni, Tortonese (Reference Tortonese1966), p. 3, figures 1 & 2; Achituv (Reference Achituv1969), pp. 329–342, figures I1, I4, I5, I6 & II1; Kojadinovic et al. (Reference Kojadinovic, Falquet, Mangion, Conand, Heinzeller and Nebelsick2004), pp. 225–230, figures 1, 6 & 7.

Asterina wega, Achituv (Reference Achituv1969), pp. 329–342, figures I2, II2, II3 & II4.

Aquilonastra burtoni, O'Loughlin & Waters (Reference O'Loughlin and Waters2004), p. 13.

Material: 5 specimens; Station 2, Pafos, Cyprus (Figure 1); depth: 0–3 m; rocky substratum; 10 August 2003; disc diameter = 4–5 mm.

It is a lessepsian asteroid species, previously known as Asterina burtoni Gray, 1840 and A. wega Perrier, 1869 (O'Loughlin & Waters, Reference O'Loughlin and Waters2004). It has a wide distribution in the Indo-Pacific Ocean, from the Hawaiian Islands and Australia to Madagascar, eastern Africa, the Red Sea (e.g. Tortonese, Reference Tortonese1960; Clark & Rowe, Reference Clark and Rowe1971) and the Suez Canal (Mortensen, Reference Mortensen1926). The first record of this species in the Mediterranean was from Lebanon (Tortonese, Reference Tortonese1966), while it has also been reported from the Israeli coast (Achituv, Reference Achituv1969).

This is the first record of the species from Cyprus.

Superclass PISCES
Class ACTINOPTERYGII
Order PERCIFORMES
Family MULLIDAE
Genus Upeneus Cuvier, 1829
Upeneus pori Ben-Tuvia & Golani, 1989

Upeneus pori Ben-Tuvia & Golani (Reference Ben-Tuvia and Golani1989), p. 105, figures 1–2; Golani et al. (Reference Golani, Orsi-Relini, Massutí, Quignard and Briand2002), pp. 136–137, figure 1.

Material: 1 specimen; Station 1, Lemesos, Cyprus (Figure 1); depth: 13 m; rocky substratum; 1 June 2004; standard length = 11.3 cm.

This lessepsian species is distributed in the western Indian Ocean, from the Red Sea to the Gulf of Oman (Golani et al., Reference Golani, Orsi-Relini, Massutí, Quignard and Briand2002). In the Mediterranean it was originally recorded from the southern Turkish coast (Kosswig, Reference Kosswig, von Jordans and Peus1950) while later on, it was recorded from the Israeli coast (Ben-Tuvia, Reference Ben-Tuvia1953), the Mediterranean coast of Egypt (El Sayed, Reference El Sayed1994), Libya (Ben-Abdallah et al., Reference Ben-Abdallah, Alturky and Fituri2004), Tunisia (Ben Souissi et al., Reference Ben Souissi, Mejri, Zaouali and Capapé2005) and recently from Rodos Island, Aegean Sea (Corsini et al., Reference Corsini, Margies, Kondilatos and Economidis2005).

This is the first record of U. pori from Cyprus.

Fish range expansion in the Aegean Sea

Superclass PISCES
Class ACTINOPTERYGII
Order PERCIFORMES
Family SPHYRAENIDAE
Genus Sphyraena Artedi in Röse, 1793
Sphyraena pinguis Günther, 1874

Sphyraena chrysotaenia, Bauchot (Reference Bauchot, Fischer, Schneider and Bauchot1987), pp.1378 & 1380, figure 1; Golani et al. (Reference Golani, Orsi-Relini, Massutí, Quignard and Briand2002), pp. 156–157, figure 1.

Sphyraena pinguis, Doiuchi & Nakabo (Reference Doiuchi and Nakabo2005), pp. 132–151, figures 2C, 3E, F & 6.

Material examined: 1 specimen; Station 4, Kusadasi Bay, Aegean coast of Turkey (Figure 1); depth: 10 m; 21 August 2004; standard length = 19.5 cm.

The barracuda, Sphyraena pinguis has a wide distribution in the Indo-West Pacific, from the southern African coast and the Red Sea to southern Australia, Papua New Guinea and Japan (Doiuchi & Nakabo, Reference Doiuchi and Nakabo2005). The first record of this species in the Mediterranean was from the Israeli coast (Spicer, Reference Spicer1931). Since then, it has significantly expanded its distribution on the southern Turkish coast (Akyüz, Reference Akyüz1957), Lebanon (George et al., Reference George, Athanassiou and Boulos1964), Rodos Island and the Gulf of Fethiye in the Aegean Sea (Corsini & Economidis, Reference Corsini and Economidis1999; Torcu & Mater, Reference Torcu and Mater2000). It has also been reported from Libya (Stirn, Reference Stirn1970), Malta (Lanfranco, Reference Lanfranco1993) and the Adriatic Sea (Pallaoro & Dulcic, Reference Pallaoro and Dulcic2001).

In the framework of the present study a single specimen of this species was caught in Kusadasi Bay, at the Aegean coast of Turkey. This record expands the distribution of this species in the Aegean Sea, although it has already been reported from the Black Sea (Boltachev, Reference Boltachev2009).

Family PEMPHERIDAE
Genus Pempheris Cuvier, 1829
Pempheris vanicolensis Cuvier, 1831

Pempheris vanicolensis, Mooi (Reference Mooi, Carpenter and Niem2001), p. 3204.

Material examined: 1 specimen; Station 4, Kusadasi Bay, Aegean coast of Turkey (Figure 1); depth: 5 m; rocky substratum; 20 August 2004; standard length = 10.5 cm.

Pempheris vanicolensis has a wide distribution in the Indo-Pacific Ocean, from the Red Sea and the eastern African coast until the Samoa Islands (Golani & Diamant, Reference Golani and Diamant1991). The first Mediterranean record of this species was from Lebanon (Mouneimne, Reference Mouneimne1979). Since then, it has been reported from Israel (Golani & Ben-Tuvia, Reference Golani and Ben-Tuvia1986), Kastelorizo Island (Papaconstantinou & Caragitsou, Reference Papaconstantinou and Caragitsou1987), the southern Turkish coast (Gucu et al., Reference Gucu, Bingel, Avsar and Uysal1994), Cyprus (Torcu et al., Reference Torcu, Aka and Isbilir2001) and from the northern African coast until Tunisia (Bradai & Bouain, Reference Bradai and Bouain2001). In respect to the Aegean Sea, this species has been reported from Rodos Island (ELNAIS, 2009) and Heraklion Bay, Crete (Tingilis et al., Reference Tingilis, Anezaki, Valla, Lymberakis, Kapantagakis, Biyiakis and Kauri2003).

The recording of this species in Kusadasi Bay expands its known distribution in the Aegean Sea.

Order BELONIFORMES
Family HEMIRAMPHIDAE
Genus Hemiramphus Cuvier, 1816
Hemiramphus far (Forsskål, 1775)

Hemiramphus far, Bauchot (Reference Bauchot, Fischer, Schneider and Bauchot1987), p. 1124, figure 1.

Material examined: 1 specimen; Station 4, Kusadasi, Aegean coast of Turkey (Figure 1); depth: 3 m; 22 August 2004; standard length = 25 cm.

Hemiramphus far is an Indo-Pacific species. Its known geographical distribution extends from the Red Sea and the eastern African coast to the Samoa Islands (Froese & Pauly, Reference Froese and Pauly2009). This species was originally recorded in the Mediterranean from the Israeli coast (Steinitz, Reference Steinitz1927). It has also been recorded from Syria (Gruvel, Reference Gruvel1931), the southern Turkish coast (Kosswig, Reference Kosswig, von Jordans and Peus1950), Cyprus (Demetropoulos & Neocleous, Reference Demetropoulos and Neocleous1969), the Adriatic Sea (Collette & Parin, Reference Collette, Parin, Whitehead, Bauchot, Hureau, Nielsen and Tortonese1986), Egypt (Ben-Tuvia, Reference Ben-Tuvia1978; El Sayed, Reference El Sayed1994) and Libya (Shakman & Kinzelbach, Reference Shakman and Kinzelbach2006). In the Aegean Sea, H. far has been recorded from Rodos Island (Tortonese, Reference Tortonese1946) and the Gokova Gulf (Torcu & Mater, Reference Torcu and Mater2000).

The recording of this species in Kusadasi Bay expands its known distribution northerly in the Aegean Sea.

According to the results of the present study, the number of lessepsian fish, molluscs and echinoderms known from Cyprus increaseses to 25, 38 and 4 species respectively. However, Cyprus still has a much lower lessepsian species number in relation to the neighbouring areas (Tzomos, Reference Tzomos2007; Galil, Reference Galil2009; Katsanevakis et al., Reference Katsanevakis, Tsiamis, Ioannou, Michailidis and Zenetos2009). This should mainly be attributed to the relatively long distance of Cyprus from the mainland, and to the presence of cold waters, off the coasts of the island which possibly prohibit the approach of the lessepsian thermophilic species (Gilat, Reference Gilat1964; Por, Reference Por1978).

The observed increase of the mean annual temperature of the Mediterranean waters (e.g. Béthoux et al., Reference Béthoux, Gentili, Raunet and Tailliez1990; Laubier et al., Reference Laubier, Pérez, Lejeusne, Garrabou, Chevaldonné, Vacelet, Boury-Esnault and Harmelin2003; Vargas-Yáñez et al., Reference Vargas-Yáñez, Salat, Luz Fernández de Puelles, López-Jurado, Pascual, Ramírez, Cortés and Franco2005) could possibly explain both the increasing trend in the entrance rate of the lessepsian migrants and the progressive geographical dispersal of previously known lessepsian species in the Mediterranean (Tzomos, Reference Tzomos2007; Koukouras et al., in press).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We are grateful to Professor Athanasios Koukouras for his critical reading of the manuscript and to the two anonymous referees for their comments and suggestions.

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Fig. 1. Map indicating the location of the new records of lessepsian species: (1) Lemesos Bay; (2) Pafos; (3) Kastelorizo Island; (4) Kusadasi Bay.