The booklet results from a project on the evaluation of the current status of Busha cattle with the purpose to provide information for developing a regional breeding programme. The project was supported by the European Regional Focal Point for Animal Genetic Resources (ERFP). Busha cattle exists in the Balkans since Neolithic times and it is said to be well adapted to harsh environmental conditions. Nowadays the population is highly fragmented into small strains scattered throughout the various Balkan countries. Fragmentation is one of the reasons why the breed is in high danger of extinction. The main part of the book describes the current status of the populations in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia provided by several authors. Some authors include in their description of the situation a subchapter on the farmers‘ view on this old breed revealing a growing interest in the breed especially in relation with agro-tourism and organic production. Countries policies and institutional capacity as well as the need for developing a regional conservation programme are discussed. A brief chapter deals with the ERFP project and its outputs.