We read with great interest the manuscript on PLA2G6 mutation in adults by Mahale RR et al. and the heterogeneous spectrum of the associated neurodegeneration (PLAN).
Reference Mahale, Padmanabha and Mailankody1
This very rare disease, with only 14 cases reported before 2013 according to the Orphanet portal, is now described in at least 172 cases harboring homozygous PLA2G6 variants in an extended review of the literature.
Reference Deng, Yuan, Jankovic and Deng2–Reference Kurtovic-Kozaric, Singer-Berk and Wood4
An even more recent database-based approach, complemented by a literature-based approach, gathered 122 pathogenic, 82 variants of uncertain significance (VUS), and 15 variants with conflicting interpretations and found a higher carrier frequency of PLA2G6 variants in African and East Asian populations. The case report from the Indian cohort is a major contribution as it presents two new cases and compares series of adult onset from four regions of the world that appear to be most involved in the presentation of PLAN cases globally. A brief review of the literature shows that most publications come from Asia (mainly China, followed by Japan and India). European series come second, including cases from Africa, while only a handful of publications are from the USA and Canada. As far as Latin America is concerned, we remember having extracted from the database of our adult Mexican reference center, 120 cases with early onset Parkinson´s disease (EOPD, before reaching 45 years of age), encountering a high frequency of PRKN mutations compared to PINK1 and DJ1.
Reference Monroy-Jaramillo, Guerrero-Camacho and Rodríguez-Violante5
Regarding cases of neurodegeneration with cerebral iron accumulation, only rare cases of pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (11 cases) have been reported; while in 46 cases of EOPD, negative for the mentioned genes, sequencing of PLA2G6 only revealed one single patient carrying the VUS p.L496F, rs368487831, that was not observed in 120 healthy controls (unpublished data). Thus, highlighting the low frequency of PLA2G6 mutations in this population. The current results, like those of this latest Indian study, reveal a higher frequency of PLAN in Asia. We would like to emphasize the importance of expanding the mutation and phenotype spectrum of PLA2G6-associated disorders in other populations, particularly in Latin America, to understand the epidemiology of this rare disease and ensure an accurate diagnosis, based primarily on clinical and radiological data. The literature should be collected and organized, and the data fed into algorithms, especially as certain variants have been linked to skin cancer and antioxidants could have a beneficial effect in this pathology.
We read with great interest the manuscript on PLA2G6 mutation in adults by Mahale RR et al. and the heterogeneous spectrum of the associated neurodegeneration (PLAN). Reference Mahale, Padmanabha and Mailankody1 This very rare disease, with only 14 cases reported before 2013 according to the Orphanet portal, is now described in at least 172 cases harboring homozygous PLA2G6 variants in an extended review of the literature. Reference Deng, Yuan, Jankovic and Deng2–Reference Kurtovic-Kozaric, Singer-Berk and Wood4 An even more recent database-based approach, complemented by a literature-based approach, gathered 122 pathogenic, 82 variants of uncertain significance (VUS), and 15 variants with conflicting interpretations and found a higher carrier frequency of PLA2G6 variants in African and East Asian populations. The case report from the Indian cohort is a major contribution as it presents two new cases and compares series of adult onset from four regions of the world that appear to be most involved in the presentation of PLAN cases globally. A brief review of the literature shows that most publications come from Asia (mainly China, followed by Japan and India). European series come second, including cases from Africa, while only a handful of publications are from the USA and Canada. As far as Latin America is concerned, we remember having extracted from the database of our adult Mexican reference center, 120 cases with early onset Parkinson´s disease (EOPD, before reaching 45 years of age), encountering a high frequency of PRKN mutations compared to PINK1 and DJ1. Reference Monroy-Jaramillo, Guerrero-Camacho and Rodríguez-Violante5 Regarding cases of neurodegeneration with cerebral iron accumulation, only rare cases of pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (11 cases) have been reported; while in 46 cases of EOPD, negative for the mentioned genes, sequencing of PLA2G6 only revealed one single patient carrying the VUS p.L496F, rs368487831, that was not observed in 120 healthy controls (unpublished data). Thus, highlighting the low frequency of PLA2G6 mutations in this population. The current results, like those of this latest Indian study, reveal a higher frequency of PLAN in Asia. We would like to emphasize the importance of expanding the mutation and phenotype spectrum of PLA2G6-associated disorders in other populations, particularly in Latin America, to understand the epidemiology of this rare disease and ensure an accurate diagnosis, based primarily on clinical and radiological data. The literature should be collected and organized, and the data fed into algorithms, especially as certain variants have been linked to skin cancer and antioxidants could have a beneficial effect in this pathology.
Author contributions
Dr. Boll wrote this commentary, and Dr. Monroy-Jaramillo reviewed the cases recorded in the Neurogenetics department.
Funding statement
This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Competing interests
The authors have no competing interests to disclose.