This publication provides an overview of the animal genetic resources of Bhutan targeted at researchers, extension agents, farmers, students and the general public, with the aim of increasing awareness of livestock biodiversity and conservation. It is divided into seven chapters, each devoted to a particular species: nublang (traditional cattle breed of Bhutan); yak; sheep; goat; poultry (chickens); pig and horse. Each chapter has a standard format for easy reference: a short introduction is followed by the local and scientific names of species and breeds, photographs, descriptions of origin and population size, geographic distribution (map), utility, distinguishing features, physical parameters, genetic variation/diversity. management system, production performance, socio-cultural/religious and economic importance, selection environment, breeding structure, population trends and threats, conservation initiatives and conclusions. The book is intended as a precursor to more detailed documentation of the country's animal genetic resources, which will be presented in future publications.