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La historia como palimpsesto: Mendigos y criminales en la narrativa de Francisco Calcagno

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 October 2026

María Alejandra Aguilar Dornelles*
Affiliation:
Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, US
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Resumen

Este artículo examina la obra narrativa del escritor cubano Francisco Calcagno (1827–1903) y destaca su distanciamiento ideológico respecto de la novela antiesclavista cubana. A partir del análisis de su primera novela, Los crímenes de Concha, y de la última publicada, Aponte, sin perder de vista los personajes esclavizados presentes en el resto de su producción narrativa, es posible identificar la persistente recurrencia de las figuras del mendigo y del criminal. En una narrativa que se propone como histórica, Calcagno construye visiones simplificadas, dotadas de un notable poder de persuasión, que ocultan, tras un palimpsesto de imágenes nefastas, el surgimiento de la prensa negra y el protagonismo de líderes afrodescendientes. La reiterada configuración de estas figuras busca controlar la movilidad histórica y mantener a los hombres y mujeres de ascendencia africana detenidos entre el servilismo y el cimarronaje.

Abstract

Abstract

This article examines the narrative works of the Cuban writer Francisco Calcagno (1827–1903) and highlights his ideological divergence from the Cuban antislavery novel. Through an analysis of his first novel, Los crímenes de Concha, and his last published novel, Aponte, and consideration of the enslaved characters who appear throughout the rest of his works, it identifies the recurring tropes of the beggar and the criminal. In a body of fiction that presents itself as historical, Calcagno constructs simplified yet highly persuasive narratives that, beneath a palimpsest of sinister images, obscure the emergence of the Black press and the rise of Afro-descendant leaders. The repeated portrayal of these figures seeks to constrain historical mobility, keeping men and women of African descent trapped between servility and marronage.

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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that no alterations are made and the original article is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press or the rights holder(s) must be obtained prior to any commercial use and/or adaptation of the article.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Latin American Studies Association