Hostname: page-component-74656f9884-c52kr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2026-11-08T03:05:40.865Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A checklist of larval Digenea (Platyhelminthes: Trematoda) in molluscs from inland waters of Argentina: one hundred years of research

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 May 2022

M.J. Merlo ,
M. Parietti Open the ORCID record for M. Parietti [Opens in a new window] ,
M.V. Fernández ,
V. Flores  and
D. Davies
M.J. Merlo
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Parasitología, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Mar del Plata, 7600, Buenos Aires, Argentina Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (CONICET-UNMDP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mar del Plata, 7600, Buenos Aires, Argentina
M. Parietti*
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Parasitología, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMDP), Mar del Plata, 7600, Buenos Aires, Argentina Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Sanidad y Ambiente (CONICET-UNMDP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mar del Plata, 7600, Buenos Aires, Argentina
M.V. Fernández
Affiliation:
Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral (CECOAL-CONICET), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ruta 5 Km 2.5, Corrientes, 3400, Argentina
V. Flores
Affiliation:
Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas – Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Avenida Quintral 1250, San Carlos de Bariloche, 8400, Río Negro, Argentina
D. Davies
Affiliation:
Instituto para el Estudio de la Biodiversidad de Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Avenida Bolivia 5150, Salta, 4400, Argentina
*
Author for correspondence: M. Parietti, E-mail: manuelaparietti@hotmail.com
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A checklist of larval digeneans parasitising molluscs from inland waters of Argentina is presented here. Based on the bibliographical survey of 113 scientific articles and nine theses published between 1930 and 2021, 213 digeneans were found, which were distributed within 13 superfamilies and 35 families. The parasites were identified in 102 locations, encompassing eight of the sixteen biogeographical provinces in Argentina. Digeneans were found in 34 mollusc species (31 gastropods and three bivalves) belonging to 17 genera. The available data are presented for each digenean species, and included host information, localities, prevalence values, type of habitat, life cycle information (natural or experimental host), and information on material and genetic sequences deposited in repositories. Only 21.1% of individuals were identified to species level, and 8.5% to genus level. In addition, the genetic sequences of only 10 species (4.7%) were available at GenBank. This survey constitutes the first checklist of parasitic helminths in molluscs from inland waters of Argentina.

Keywords

Bivalvesgastropodscercariaetrematodesdiversity

Information

Type
Research Paper
Information
Journal of Helminthology , Volume 96 , 2022 , e32
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

Introduction

Argentina is the second largest country in South America, with a total area of approximately 2.7 million km². Due to its vast area and geographical location in the southernmost portion of South America, it presents a large diversity of habitats distributed in 16 biogeographical provinces (Arana et al., Reference Arana, Natale, Ferretti, Romano, Oggero, Martínez, Posadas and Morrone2021). Said diversity ranges from high mountainous environments to lowlands that include very varied continental ecosystems, from warm rainforests in the north to southern subantarctic forests in the south, and from dry deciduous forests to vast floodplains and deserts (Dos Santos et al., Reference Dos Santos, Domínguez, Miranda, Gutiérrez Gregoric and Cuezzo2020).

Environmental heterogeneity favours the development of a diverse fauna, as well as a great biodiversity of parasites with different life cycles, especially digeneans. Digeneans typically have complex life cycles that involve three hosts – ▫a definitive host (generally a vertebrate), a first intermediate host (mainly a mollusc), and a second intermediate host that can be an invertebrate (e.g., mollusc, annelid and crustacean) or a vertebrate (e.g., fish and amphibian); and several developmental stages (eggs, miracidia, sporocysts, rediae, cercariae, metacercariae and adults). In general, most of the life cycle takes place in aquatic environments. The first intermediate host (freshwater or marine snail) is specific, and provides the resources for development and asexual reproduction, and the means by which trematodes can reach their next host (Lockyer et al., Reference Lockyer, Jones, Noble and Rollinson2004). The larval stages in the first intermediate host can be used as positive indicators of the host community. They are functioning trophic links that are essential in determining life cycles. The study of larval digeneans is relevant both for their biodiversity and for their medical and veterinary importance. These larval stages can cause several diseases in humans and domestic animals such as clonorchiasis, paragonimiasis, schistosomiasis, fascioliasis and cercarial dermatitis (Loker & Hofkin, Reference Loker and Hofkin2015). In Argentina, fascioliasis and cercarial dermatitis are common parasitic zoonoses (Veleizán et al., Reference Veleizán, Flores and Viozzi2016; Carnevale et al., Reference Carnevale, Malandrini, Pantano, Sawicki, Kamenetzky, Soria and Velásquez2021).

The first studies in Argentina were carried out by Wernicke in the 1880s (Reference Wernicke1888, Reference Wernicke1892), and cited by Ostrowski de Núñez (Reference Ostrowski de Núñez1977a); unfortunately, these works were not available. The following record of cercariae was by Bacigalupo (Reference Bacigalupo1930, Reference Bacigalupo1932), who described the emergence of the cercariae of Fasciola hepatica from the snail Galba viatrix in the Buenos Aires province. In the 1950s, Lothar Szidat described the first cercariae from Argentina and pioneered the study of helminths in the country. His contribution to the knowledge about larval digeneans was very important, and included taxonomic descriptions, identification of parasite life histories, and definition of human and animal diseases, among others (Ostrowski de Núñez, Reference Ostrowski de Núñez1994). Subsequently, his successor, the Argentinian researcher Margarita Ostrowski de Núñez, described more than 100 larval stages of digeneans and elucidated the life cycles of about 30 species of trematodes in fish, reptiles, birds and mammals from freshwater environments. This was a significant contribution to the knowledge about the biology and taxonomy of this group of parasites. Since then, various authors have reported numerous larval stages and life cycles of digeneans. Based on the literature, the present checklist catalogues the diversity of larval digeneans in molluscs from inland waters of Argentina. It includes information on all digeneans, hosts, localities, habitats, prevalence values when available, life cycle if known, and references, among other data.

Materials and methods

An exhaustive search was performed on most of the published records on digeneans in molluscan hosts from freshwater and estuarine habitats in Argentina. The search was carried out in databases and electronic resources such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Research Gate, personal databases, through communication with different authors, and by acquiring earlier paper articles in scientific libraries. The search terms included in English, and in Spanish and German (within parentheses) were larval trematodes (trematodes larvales/Trematoden Larven), larval digeneans (digeneos larvales/Digene Larven), cercaria (cercaria/Cercarien), metacercaria (metacercaria/Metacercarie), molluscs (moluscos/Mollusken), freshwater (agua dulce/Süßwasser), and estuary (estuario/Ästuar) along with the term Argentina. All sources of metadata were consulted up to June 2021. The compiled data were used to create a spreadsheet. The superfamily and family of the digeneans found were determined following Gibson et al. (Reference Gibson, Jones and Bray2002), Jones et al. (Reference Jones, Bray and Gibson2005), Bray et al. (Reference Bray, Gibson and Jones2008) and the World Register of Marine Species (2021). The species of molluscan hosts were updated according to Rumi et al. (Reference Rumi, Gutiérrez Gregoric, Núñez, César, Roche, Tassara, Martin and Armengol2006, Reference Rumi, Gutiérrez Gregoric, Núñez and Darrigran2008) and Mollusca Base eds. (2021). The names of the superfamily, family, and species of digeneans and the names of molluscan host species were taken from the published articles or theses. In cases where the name is no longer accepted, it was modified according to the bibliography and electronic databases mentioned above. The ecoregions of Argentina were referred to as in Arana et al. (Reference Arana, Natale, Ferretti, Romano, Oggero, Martínez, Posadas and Morrone2021).

The checklist of digeneans found in molluscs from Argentina is presented in alphabetical order for each taxonomic category. It also includes: first intermediate molluscan host species; location of mollusc collection in Argentina, along with geographical references; prevalence values (when available); habitat type of the respective larval digenean (lake, shallow lake, pond, temporary pond, lagoon, estuary, reservoir, creek, stream, river, flooded areas of the river and rice field); second intermediate and definitive hosts (when available); and references in chronological order. Most records were based on naturally infected molluscs. Cases that proved to be susceptible to experimental infection but were not found to be naturally infected were denoted with a ‘^’ symbol. Cases that proved to be susceptible to experimental infection and found to be naturally infected were denoted with a ‘<’ symbol.

Results

A total of 113 scientific articles and nine theses were analysed. The studies, published between 1930 and 2021, reported the interaction between digeneans and molluscs from freshwater and estuarine habitats in Argentina. The 34 mollusc species reported belonged to 17 genera (table 1) and were parasitized by 213 larval digeneans from 13 superfamilies and 35 families (table 2). All these digeneans were identified in 102 locations corresponding to eight of the 16 biogeographical provinces in Argentina (fig. 1 and supplementary table S1). Only 45 (21.1%) digeneans were identified to species level and 18 (8.5%) to generic level. In addition, only 10 species (4.7%) have genetic sequences deposited in the GenBank. The most represented family was Echinostomatidae, with 36 records. It is followed by the families Schistosomatidae (18 taxa), Heterophyidae (17 taxa), Strigeidae (16 taxa), and Diplostomidae (14 taxa). A total of 40 out of 213 records have known the life cycle (13 natural cycles and 27 experimental cycles).

Fig. 1.

Map showing locations with the larval digeneans registered in the bibliographical survey in Argentina.

Table 1.

List of molluscan hosts.

Table 2.

Digenean list found in molluscan hosts from Argentina.

a material deposited.

b genetic sequence deposited.

c experimental host.

d natural and experimental host.

Of the total molluscan hosts, 31 were gastropods and three bivalves. Among the gastropods, 18 species were first intermediate hosts only, 12 were first and second intermediate hosts, five were second intermediate hosts only, and one species was first and definitive host. With regard to the bivalves, two acted as first intermediate hosts, and one as second intermediate host. The molluscs of the genera Heleobia and Biomphalaria showed the highest levels of infection and the highest number of digeneans (table 1). The other mollusc genera acted as hosts of less than 10 digenean species.

Discussion

In Argentina, the first studies on larval stages of digeneans using freshwater snails were carried out almost 100 years ago. The first record included in this checklist was made by Bacigalupo (Reference Bacigalupo1930) on F. hepatica. Later, Szidat (Reference Szidat1951) described a new cercaria species. Both studies involved digenean species of zoonotic importance in the region. As shown in this checklist, subsequent studies have described 213 larval digeneans belonging to 35 families. Historically, taxonomic determination has been made based on morphology and it has been assumed that digeneans were specific to first intermediate hosts. However, we consider that the parasites described and reported here probably correspond to more than 213 species of digeneans. There is possible plasticity in morphological characters across hosts in different environments, as well as the presence of cryptic species in a snail host, and the possibility of multiple mollusc species as first intermediate hosts.

This study is the second checklist of larval digeneans in molluscan hosts in Argentina. The first one focused only on marine digeneans and reported 31 species of parasites in 20 species of molluscs (Bagnato et al., Reference Bagnato, Gilardoni, Di Giorgio and Cremonte2015). In addition, two previous checklists recorded larval digeneans in both marine and freshwater molluscan hosts in South America. In Chile, four digenean species have been identified in the freshwater snail Chilina dombeyana, and five species in marine gastropods and bivalves (Muñoz & Olmos, Reference Muñoz and Olmos2008). In Brazil, Pinto & De Melo (Reference Pinto and De Melo2013) recorded 102 cercaria species in 60 molluscan species.

Based on this research, three aspects should be improved in the study of larval digeneans in freshwater environments, namely distribution, use of taxonomic tools and host taxonomy. Firstly, the distribution of records is uneven; records were available for only eight of the 16 biogeographical provinces proposed by Arana et al. (Reference Arana, Natale, Ferretti, Romano, Oggero, Martínez, Posadas and Morrone2021). This could be explained by several factors, namely the extent of the Argentine territory, the scarce funding allocated to biodiversity, and the cost of travel. Thus, data are mainly recorded close to the centres where researchers carry out their activities. In addition, some water bodies are located in private fields or protected areas that are difficult to access. The second aspect relates to the use of current molecular tools to determine the gene sequences of cercariae. As mentioned above, only 21.1% of the cercariae found have been classified to species level and only 4.7% have been sequenced. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the use of molecular tools to identify cercariae to species level, determine the existence of cryptic species and better understand the biology of this group. Finally, the third aspect to improve is the diversity of hosts examined. According to Rumi et al. (Reference Rumi, Gutiérrez Gregoric, Núñez and Darrigran2008), 166 species of freshwater molluscs (101 gastropod and 65 bivalve species) have been reported in Argentina, but only 34 gastropod and three bivalve species have been examined for parasites over almost 100 years. There should be more collaboration with malacologists to improve the identification of both the larval digeneans and their molluscan hosts.

It is noteworthy that all of the authors included in the checklist who carried out studies in freshwater and marine environments in South America (Muñoz & Olmos, Reference Muñoz and Olmos2008; Pinto & De Melo, Reference Pinto and De Melo2013; Bagnato et al., Reference Bagnato, Gilardoni, Di Giorgio and Cremonte2015) have mentioned these three aspects. In addition, the procedure of collecting, describing and classifying cercariae is time-consuming and requires both training and adequate equipment. Therefore, in order to deepen the knowledge about the diversity and distribution of digeneans, researchers should work together, unifying efforts and minimising costs.

Considering the limited knowledge about life cycles of digeneans, the information presented here may have wider implications, mainly for neighbouring countries to Argentina such as Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia and Brazil. Most of the molluscan hosts recorded are also present in these countries, and some of them are of health and zoonotic interest. For instance, the genus Biomphalaria is found in Brazil (Ciccheto et al., Reference Ciccheto, Stabile, Fermino, Fabrin, de Oliveira, Takemoto and da Graça2021; Mesquita et al., Reference Mesquita, dos Santos Neves, Scholte, dos Santos Carvalho, Fonseca and Caldeira2021; among others) and F. hepatica is present in Bolivia and Brazil (Mas-Coma et al., Reference Mas-Coma, Buchon, Funatsu, Angle, Artigas, Valero and Bargues Castelló2020; Schwantes et al., Reference Schwantes, Quevedo, D’Ávila, Molento and Graichen2020; Silva et al., Reference Silva, Freitas, Dutra and Molento2020; among others). Moreover, some of the birds and mammals that act as definitive hosts, such as Otaria flavescens in Chile and Brazil (Pereira et al., Reference Pereira, Müller, Secchi, Pereira and Valente2013; Hermosilla et al., Reference Hermosilla, Hirzmann, Silva, Scheufen, Prenger-Berninghoff, Ewers and Taubert2018), and Laurus dominicanus in Chile (Gonzalez-Acuna et al., Reference Gonzalez-Acuna, Cerda, Lopez, Ortega, Mathieu and Kinsella2009), are known to migrate in the southern part of the American continent. Cosmopolitan host species such as Physella acuta (Lawton et al., Reference Lawton, Allan, Hayes and Smit2018; Pantoja et al., Reference Pantoja, Faltýnková, O'Dwyer, Jouet, Skírnisson and Kudlai2021) and migratory bird species from other continents are also in the checklist, making the present work of potential global interest. For instance, many migratory shorebirds of the families Charadriidae and Scolopacidae breed in the tundra of the Northern Hemisphere, and then migrate southwards to spend the non-breeding period in coastal and inland wetlands of South and Central America. These bird families have been reported in inland wetlands and temporary artificial wetlands such as flooded rice fields in northeastern Argentina (Blanco et al., Reference Blanco, López-Lanús, Dias, Azpiroz and Rilla2006; Blanco & De la Balze, Reference Blanco and De la Balze2011).

In view of the presence of common intermediate and definitive hosts and the biogeographical characteristics shared by South American countries, it is necessary to carry out studies at the regional level to understand the factors that determine the spatial and temporal dynamics of digeneans, as well as to elucidate their life cycles. Furthermore, larval digenean assemblages in freshwater molluscs should be studied in greater depth, as our results reveal a fertile field for future studies on taxonomy, diversity conservation, ecology, health and zoonoses. In addition, molecular tools should be used to complement morphological descriptions for better taxonomic identification.

Supplementary material

To view supplementary material for this article, please visit https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X2100081X

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Matías Paredes Davies for his collaboration in the preparation of the distribution map, Florencia Liquín for her help in the preparation of the first table (data from Salta), and to the Asociación Parasitológica Argentina for the space provided for the first freshwater digeneans conference. A special thanks to Margarita Ostrowski de Núñez for her comments and helpfulness to send the bibliography, and especially for all the work done in the determination of larval digeneans in Argentina.

Financial support

Financial support was received from Universidad Nacional de Salta (Grant number 2481/0 CIUNSa to D.D.), from ANPCyT (PICT 2017- 1819 to J.A.E.), from Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (Grant number 15/E935 EXA997/20 to J.A.E) and from Universidad Nacional del Comahue (Grant number B225 to V.F.)

Conflicts of interest

None.

Ethical standards

Not applicable.

Authors’ contribution

All authors contributed to the work conceiving, conducting data gathering, performing statistical analyses and writing the article.

References

Alda, P (2011) Estadios larvales de digeneos parásitos de Heleobia australis (d'Orbigny 1835) en el estuario de Bahía Blanca [Larval stages of digenean parasites of Heleobia australis (d'Orbigny 1835) in the estuary of Bahía Blanca]. Phd thesis, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Argentina. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Alda, P and Martorelli, S (2014) Larval trematodes infecting the South-American intertidal mud snail Heleobia australis (Rissooidea: Cochliopidae). Acta Parasitologica 59(1), 50–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alda, P, Bonel, N, Hechinger, RF and Martorelli, SR (2013) Maritrema orensense and Maritrema bonaerense (Digenea: Microphallidae): descriptions, life cycles, and comparative morphometric analyses. Journal of Parasitology 99(2), 218–228.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alda, P, Bonel, N, Panei, CJ, Cazzaniga, NJ and Martorelli, SR (2015) First molecular identification of Ascocotyle (Phagicola) longa in its first intermediate host the mud snail Heleobia australis. Acta Parasitologica 60(4), 791–795.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arana, MD, Natale, E, Ferretti, NE, Romano, GM, Oggero, AJ, Martínez, G, Posadas, PE and Morrone, JJ (2021) Esquema biogeográfico de la República Argentina [Biogeographical scheme of the Argentine Republic]. 1st ed. Tucumán, Fundación Miguel Lillo. p. 238. [InSpanish.]Google Scholar
Bacigalupo, JL (1930) La lymnaea viatrix d'Orbigny, huésped intermediario de la Fasciola hepatica L. en la República Argentina [Lymnaea viatrix d'Orbigny, intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica L. in the Argentine Republic]. La Semana Médica Buenos Aires 37(46), 1481–1484. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Bacigalupo, JL (1932) Superposición de la distribución geográfica de Fasciola hepatica L. y lymnaea viatrix d'Orbigny en la República Argentina [Overlapping geographical distribution of Fasciola hepatica L. and Lymnaea viatrix d'Orbigny in the Argentine Republic]. Revista Sociedad Argentina de Biología 8, 556–558. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Bagnato, E, Gilardoni, C, Di Giorgio, G and Cremonte, F (2015) A checklist of marine larval trematodes (Digenea) in molluscs from Argentina, Southwestern Atlantic coast. Check List 11(4), 1–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blanco, DE and De la Balze, BM (2011) Conservación de los recursos acuáticos y de la biodiversidad en arroceras del nordeste de Argentina [Conservation of aquatic resources and biodiversity in rice fields in northeastern Argentina]. Buenos Aires, Argentina, Fundación Humedales/Wetlands International. p. 97. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Blanco, DE, López-Lanús, B, Dias, RA, Azpiroz, A and Rilla, G (2006) Uso de las arroceras por chorlos y playeros migratorios en el sur de América del Sur. Implicancias de conservación y manejo [Use of rice fields by migratory plovers and shorebirds in southern South America. Conservation and management implications]. Buenos Aires, Argentina, Wetlands International. p. 56. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Bray, RA, Gibson, DI and Jones, A (2008) Keys to the trematoda, Vol. 3. 1st ed. Wallingford UK, the Natural History Museum, London, UK, CABI Publishing. p. 824.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carnevale, S, Malandrini, JB, Pantano, ML, Sawicki, M, Kamenetzky, L, Soria, CC and Velásquez, JN (2021) Use of the PCR in a combined methodological approach for the study of human fascioliasis in an endemic area. Acta Parasitologica 66(2), 455–460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Castellanos, Z and Gluzman de Pascar, C (1969) Nuevas cercarias de Diplodon variabilis [New cercariae of Diplodon variabilis]. Neotrópica 15(46), 43–48. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Ciccheto, JRM, Stabile, BHM, Fermino, F, Fabrin, TMC, de Oliveira, AV, Takemoto, RM and da Graça, RJ (2021) Molecular evidence of new freshwater turtle blood flukes (Digenea: Spirorchiidae) in the intermediate snail host Biomphalaria occidentalis Paraense, 1981 in an urban aquatic ecosystem in Brazil. Parasitology Research 120(1), 133–143.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cutellé, MA (1998) Estudios sobre el ciclo de vida y la identidad de Psilochasmus oxyurus (Trematoda: Psilostomidae) citado para Argentina [Studies on the life cycle and identity of Psilochasmus oxyurus (Trematoda: pPsilostomidae) cited for Argentina]. Grade thesis, Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires, Argentina. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Davies, D (2014) Digenea (Trematoda, Plathelminthes) parásitos de Biomphalaria spp., en el valle de Lerma, provincia de Salta [Digenea (Trematoda, Plathelminthes) parasites of Biomphalaria spp., in the Lerma valley, province of Salta]. Phd thesis, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Davies, D and Ostrowski de Núñez, M (2012) The life cycle of Australapatemon magnacetabulum (Digenea: Strigeidae) from northwestern Argentina. Journal of Parasitology 98(4), 778–783.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davies, D, Davies, C, Lauthier, JJ, Hamann, M and Ostrowski de Núñez, M (2015) Morphological and ITS2 molecular characterization of Ribeiroia cercariae (Digenea: Psilostomidae) from Biomphalaria spp. (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in northern Argentina. Journal of Parasitology 101(5), 549–555.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, D, Liquín, F, Lauthier, JJ, Párraga, R, Saravia, J, Davies, C and Ostrowski de Núñez, M (2021) The life cycle of Magnivitellinum saltaensis n. sp. (Digenea: Alloglossidiidae) in Salta Province, Argentina. Parasitology Research 120(4), 1233–1245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dellagnola, FA, Montes, MM, Martorelli, SR and Vega, IA (2019) Morphological characterization and molecular phylogeny of zoonotic trematodes in the freshwater snail Asolene platae. Parasitology 146(7), 839–848.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dos Santos, DA, Domínguez, E, Miranda, MJ, Gutiérrez Gregoric, D and Cuezzo, MG (2020) The relevance of ecoregions and mountainous environments in the diversity and endemism of land gastropods. Progress in Physical Geography 45(2), 1–25.Google Scholar
Etchegoin, JA (1997) Sistemas parasitarios presentes en la albufera Mar Chiquita [Parasitic systems present in the Mar Chiquita lagoon]. Phd thesis, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Etchegoin, JA and Martorelli, SR (1997) Description of a new species of Maritrema (Digenea: Microphallidae) from Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon (Buenos Aires, Argentina) with notes on its life cycle. Journal of Parasitology 83(4), 709–713.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Etchegoin, JA and Martorelli, SR (1998) Nuevas cercarias en Heleobia conexa (Mollusca: Hydrobiidae) de la albufera Mar Chiquita [New cercariae in Heleobia conexa (Mollusca: Hydrobiidae) from the Mar Chiquita lagoon]. Neotropica 44(1), 41–50. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Etchegoin, JA, Merlo, MJ and Parietti, M (2012) The role of the invasive polychaete Ficopomatus enigmaticus (Fauvel, 1923) (Serpulidae) as facilitator of parasite transmission in Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Parasitology 139(11), 1506–1512.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fernández, MV (2014) Ecología y sistemática de trematodes larvales parásitos en especies del género Biomphalaria (Mollusca: Planorbidae) en ambientes contrastantes de la provincia de Corrientes, Argentina [Ecology and systematics of parasitic larval trematodes in species of the genus Biomhalaria (Mollusca: Planorbidae) in contrasting environments of the province of Corrientes, Argentina]. Phd thesis, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Argentina. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Fernández, MV and Hamann, MI (2017) Cercariae (Digenea: Strigeidae, Diplostomidae) in Biomphalaria straminea (Planorbidae) from a rice field in northeastern Argentina. Revista de Biología Tropical 65(2), 551–563.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fernández, MV, Hamann, MI and Ostrowski de Núñez, M (2013) Larval trematodes of Biomphalaria straminea (Mollusca: Planorbidae) in a ricefield in Corrientes Province, Argentina. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 84(3), 756–764.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fernández, MV, Hamann, MI and Ostrowski de Núñez, M (2014) Echinostome cercariae from Biomphalaria straminea (Mollusca: Planorbidae) in a ricefield from northeastern Argentina. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 85(4), 1024–1031.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fernández, MV, Hamann, MI and Ostrowski de Núñez, M (2016) New larval trematodes in Biomphalaria species (Planorbidae) from northeastern Argentina. Acta Parasitologica 61(3), 471–492.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flores, VR and Brugni, N (2003) Catatropis chilinae n. sp. (Digenea: Notocotylidae) from Chilina dombeiana (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) and notes on its life-cycle in Patagonia, Argentina. Systematic Parasitology 54(2), 89–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flores, VR and Brugni, N (2005) Notocotylus biomphalariae n. sp. (Digenea: Notocotylidae) from Biomphalaria peregrina (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) in Patagonia, Argentina. Systematic Parasitology 61(3), 207–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flores, VR and Brugni, N (2006) Catatropis hatcheri n. sp. (Digenea: Notocotylidae) from Heleobia hatcheri (Prosobranchia: Hydrobiidae) and notes on its life-cycle in Patagonia, Argentina. Systematic Parasitology 63(2), 109–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flores, VR and Semenas, LG (2008) Larval digenean community parasitizing the freshwater snail, Chilina dombeyana (Pulmonata: Chilinidae) in Patagonia, Argentina, with special reference to the notocotylid Catatropis chilinae. Journal of Parasitology 94(2), 305–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flores, VR and Semenas, LG (2016) Advances in the knowledge of Echinoparyphium megacirrus and Echinostoma sp. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) parasites of Diplodon chilensis (Pelecypoda) in Patagonia (Argentina). Revista Argentina de Parasitología 5(1), 11–20.Google Scholar
Flores, VR, Semenas, LG and Veleizán, AA (2010) Larval digenean community parasitizing the freshwater snail, Biomphalaria peregrina (Pulmonata: Planorbidae), from a temporary pond in Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Parasitology 96(3), 652–656.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flores, VR, Brant, SV and Loker, ES (2015) Avian schistosomes from the South American endemic gastropod genus Chilina (Pulmonata: Chilinidae), with a brief review of South American schistosome species. Journal of Parasitology 101(5), 565–576.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flores, VR, Viozzi, G, Casalins, L, Loker, ES and Brant, SV (2021) A new schistosome (Digenea: Schistosomatidae) from the nasal tissue of South America black-necked swans, Cygnus melancoryphus (Anatidae) and the endemic pulmonate snail Chilina gibbosa. Zootaxa 4948(3), 404–418.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gibson, DI, Jones, A and Bray, RA (2002) Keys to the Trematoda, Vol. 2. 1st ed. Wallingford UK, the Natural History Museum, London, UK, CABI Publishing. p. 768CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gonzalez-Acuna, D, Cerda, F, Lopez, J, Ortega, R, Mathieu, C and Kinsella, M (2009) Checklist of the helminths of the kelp gull, Larus dominicanus (Aves: Laridae), with new records from Chile. Zootaxa 2297(1), 27–43.Google Scholar
Graefe, G (1970) Comportamiento poco común de una cercaria perteneciente a la familia Haploporidae en la Argentina [Unusual behavior of a cercaria belonging to the family Haploporidae in Argentina]. Revista del Instituto Académico de Investigaciones en Ciencias Naturales Y Zoología 6(1), 101–104. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Hamann, MI, Rumi, A and Ostrowski de Núñez, M (1993) Aspectos biológicos sobre los parásitos y la dinámica poblacional de Drepanotrema spp. (Mollusca, Planorbidae) en un biotopo lenítico del nordeste argentino [Biological aspects of parasites and population dynamics of Drepanotrema spp. (Mollusca, Planorbidae) in a lenitic biotope of northeastern Argentina]. Ambiente Subtropical 3(1), 19–38. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Hermosilla, C, Hirzmann, J, Silva, LM, Scheufen, S, Prenger-Berninghoff, E, Ewers, C and Taubert, A (2018) Gastrointestinal parasites and bacteria in free-living South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens) in Chilean comau fjord and new host record of a Diphyllobothrium scoticum-like cestode. Frontiers in Marine Science 5, 459.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, A, Bray, RA and Gibson, DI (2005) Keys to the Trematoda, 1. 1st ed. Wallingford UK, the Natural History Museum, London, UK, CABI Publishing. p. 733.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kleiman, F, Pietrokovsky, S, Paraense, WL and Wisnivesky-Colli, C (2004) Southernmost finding of Lymnaea viatrix orbigny, 1835 (Pulmonata: Lymnaeidae), intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758) (Trematoda: Digenea), in urban and rural areas of Patagonia, Argentina. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 99(1), 23–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawton, SP, Allan, F, Hayes, PM and Smit, NJ (2018) DNA barcoding of the medically important freshwater snail Physa acuta reveals multiple invasion events into Africa. Acta Tropica 188(1), 86–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liquin, F, Gilardoni, C, Cremonte, F, Saravia, J, Cristóbal, H and Davies, D (2022) A new species of Auriculostoma (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) in South America: life cycle and phylogenetic relationships. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 94(1), e20200538.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lockyer, AE, Jones, CS, Noble, LR and Rollinson, D (2004) Trematodes and snails: an intimate association. Canadian Journal of Zoology 82(2), 251–269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loker, E and Hofkin, B (2015) Parasitology: A conceptual approach. New York, Garland Science, Taylor & Francis Group. p. 560.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
López Armengol, MF and Martorelli, SR (1997) A new larval trematode (Haploporidae) in the hydrobiid snail Potamolithus agapetus Pilsbry, 1911: prevalence, intensity, distribution, and the effects on the snail morphology. Neotropica 43(1), 89–99.Google Scholar
Mariluan, GD (2009) Los insectos bentónicos del arroyo Gutiérrez (San Carlos de Bariloche) como hospedadores intermediarios de Plagiorchiformes (Digenea) [The benthic insects of the Gutiérrez stream (San Carlos de Bariloche) as intermediate hosts of Plagiorchiformes (Digenea)]. Grade thesis, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Martorelli, SR (1984) Sobre una cercaria de la familia Schistosomatidae (Digenea) parásita de Chilina gibbosa Sowerby, 1841 en el lago Pellegrini, Provincia de Río Negro, República Argentina [On a cercaria of the family Schistosomatidae (Digenea) parasitic on Chilina gibbosa Sowerby, 1841 in Lake Pellegrini, Río Negro Province, Argentine Republic]. Neotrópica 30(83), 97–106. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Martorelli, SR (1985) Estudios parasitológicos en biotopos iénticos de la República Argentina 1: el ciclo biológico de Echinochasmus talaensis sp. nov. (Digenea) parásita de Pirangurus bolivianus (Aves: Tyrannidae) [Parasitological studies in identical biotopes of the Argentine Republic 1: the biological cycle of Echinochasmus talaensis sp. nov. (Digenea) parasite of Pirangurus bolivianus (Aves: Tyrannidae)]. Neotrópica 31(86), 187–200. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Martorelli, SR (1986a) Estudios parasitológicos en biotipos lénticos de la República Argentina 11: el ciclo biológico de Homalometron pseudopallidum sp. nov. (Digenea) parásito de Gymnogeophagus australis (Eigenmann, 1907) (Pisces: Cichlidae) [Parasitological studies in lentic biotypes of the Argentine Republic 11: the biological cycle of Homalometron pseudopallidum sp. nov. (Digenea) parasite of Gymnogeophagus australis (Eigenmann, 1907) (Pisces: Cichlidae)]. Neotrópica 32(87), 3–12. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Martorelli, SR (1986b) Estudios parasitológicos en biotopos lénticos de la república Argentina: el ciclo biológico de Saccocoelioides carolae lunaschi (Digenea) parásito de Cichlasoma facetum (Jenyns, 1842) (Pisces: Cichlidae) [Parasitological studies in lentic biotopes of the Argentine Republic: the biological cycle of Saccocoelioides carolae lunaschi (Digenea) parasite of Cichlasoma facetum (Jenyns, 1842) (Pisces: Cichlidae)]. Neotrópica 32(88), 125–132. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Martorelli, SR (1986c) Estudio sistemático y biológico de un digeneo perteneciente a la familia Microphallidae Travassos, 1920. I: Microphallus szidati sp. nov. parásito intestinal de Rallus sanguinolentus sanguinolentus (Aves: Rallidae) e Himantopus melanurus (Aves: Recurvirrostridae) [Systematic and biological study of a digenean belonging to the family Microphallidae Travassos, 1920. I: Microphallus szidati sp. nov. intestinal parasite of Rallus sanguinolentus sanguinolentus (Aves: Rallidae) and Himantopus melanurus (Aves: Recurvirrostridae)]. Revista Ibérica de Parasitología 46(4), 373–378. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Martorelli, SR (1987) Estudio parasitológico en biotopos lénticos de la República Argentina. IV. el ciclo biológico de Echinostoma parcespinosum Lutz, 1924 (Digenea) parásito de Rallus maculatus y Rallus sanguinolentus (Aves: Rallidae) [Parasitological study in lentic biotopes of the Argentine Republic. IV. the biological cycle of Echinostoma parcespinosum Lutz, 1924 (Digenea) parasite of Rallus maculatus and Rallus sanguinolentus (Aves: Rallidae)]. Revista del Museo de La Plata 14(153), 47–63. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Martorelli, SR (1988) El ciclo biológico de Levinseniella cruzi Travassos, 1920 (Digenea, Microphallidae) parásita de los ciegos cólicos de Rollandia rolland chilensis (Aves, Podicipedidae) e Himantopus melanurus (Aves, Recurvirostridae) [The biological cycle of Levinseniella cruzi Travassos, 1920 (Digenea, Microphallidae) parasite of the colicky caeca of Rollandia rolland chilensis (Aves, Podicipedidae) and Himantopus melanurus (Aves, Recurvirostridae)]. Iheringia 68(1), 49–62. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Martorelli, SR (1989a) Estudios parasitológicos en biotopos lénticos de la República Argentina y desarrollo del ciclo biológico monoxeno de la metacercaria progenética de Genarchella Travassos, 1928 (Digenea, Hemiuridae) parásita de Littoridina parchappei (Mollusca, Hidrobiidae) [Parasitological studies in lentic biotopes of the Argentine Republic and development of the monoxene biological cycle of the progenetic metacercaria of Genarchella Travassos, 1928 (Digenea, Hemiuridae) parasite of Littoridina parchappei (Mollusca, Hidrobiidae)]. Revista del Museo de La Plata XIV(157), 109–117. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Martorelli, SR (1989b) Estudios parasitológicos en la albufera de Mar Chiquita, provincia de Buenos Aires, República Argentina. 11: Cercarias (Digenea) parásitas de Heleobia conexa (Mollusca: Hydrobiidae), pertenecientes a las familias Schistosomatidae, Haploporidae y Homalometridae [Parasitological studies in the Mar Chiquita lagoon, Buenos Aires province, Argentine Republic. 11: Cercariae (Digenea) parasitic on Heleobia conexa (Mollusca: Hydrobiidae), belonging to the families Schistosomatidae, Haploporidae and Homalometridae]. Neotrópica 35(94), 81–91. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Martorelli, SR (1990) Estudios parasitológicos en la albufera de Mar Chiquita, provincia de Buenos Aires, República Argentina: sobre dos cercarias parásitas de Heleobia conexa (Mollusca: Hydrobiidae) pertenecientes a la superfamilia Echinostomatoidea [Parasitological studies in the Mar Chiquita lagoon, Buenos Aires province, Argentine Republic: study of two parasitic cercariae of Heleobia conexa (Mollusca: Hydrobiidae) belonging to the Echinostomatoidea superfamily]. Neotrópica 36(95), 55–63. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Martorelli, SR (1991) El ciclo biológico abreviado de Microphallus simillimus (Travassos, 1920), comb. n. (Digenea: Microphallidae), parásito de Heleobia conexa (Molusca, Hydrobiidae) y de Himantopus melanurus (Aves, Recurvirostridae) en Argentina [The abbreviated biological cycle of Microphallus simillimus (Travassos, 1920), comb. n. (Digenea: Microphallidae), parasite of Heleobia conexa (Molusca, Hydrobiidae) and Himantopus melanurus (Aves, Recurvirostridae) in Argentina]. Iheringia, Série Zoologia 71(1), 91–98. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Martorelli, SR (1994) Una nueva cercaria de tipo cystophorous (Digenea, Hemiuriformes) en Potamolithus agapetus (Mollusca, Hydrobiidae): comportamiento de atracción del hospedador [A new cystophorous-type cercariae (Digenea, Hemiuriformes) in Potamolithus agapetus (Mollusca, Hydrobiidae): host attraction behaviour]. Iheringia 76(1), 15–19. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Martorelli, SR and Etchegoin, JA (1996) Cercarias de la superfamilia Opisthorchioidae en Heleobia conexa (Mollusca: Hydrobiidae) de la albufera de Mar Chiquita [Cercariae of the superfamily Opisthorchioidae in Heleobia conexa (Mollusca: Hydrobiidae) from the Mar Chiquita lagoon]. Neotrópica 42(1), 61–68. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Martorelli, SR, Alda, P, Marcotegui, P, La Sala, LF and Montes, MM (2013) Larval digeneans in Biomphalaria snails from the Salto Grande Dam area in the Uruguay River [Larval digeneans in Biomhalaria snails from the Salto Grande Dam area in the Uruguay River]. Publicación del Laboratorio de Helmintos y Parásitos de Crustáceos del CEPAVE 13(1), 1–13. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Mas-Coma, S, Buchon, P, Funatsu, IRK, Angle, R, Artigas, P, Valero, MA and Bargues Castelló, MD (2020) Sheep and cattle reservoirs in the highest human fascioliasis hyperendemic area: experimental transmission capacity, field epidemiology and control within a one health initiative in Bolivia. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 7, 841.Google ScholarPubMed
Merlo, MJ (2014) Ecología de las comunidades de digeneos larvales en hospedadores moluscos del género Heleobia Stimpson, 1865 (Gastropoda: Rissooidea) [Ecology of larval digenean communities in mollusc hosts of the genus Heleobia Stimpson, 1865 (Gastropoda: Rissooidea)]. Phd thesis, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Merlo, MJ and Etchegoin, JA (2011) Testing temporal stability of the larval digenean community in Heleobia conexa (Mollusca: Cochliopidae) and its possible use as an indicator of environmental fluctuations. Parasitology 138(2), 249–256.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Merlo, MJ, Parietti, M and Etchegoin, JA (2014) Digeneos larvales de Heleobia parchappii y de Heleobia australis en ambientes dulceacuícolas y estuariales de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina) [Larval digeneans of Heleobia parchappii and Heleobia australis in freshwater and estuarine environments of Buenos Aires province (Argentina)]. Revista Argentina de Parasitología 2(2), 14–21. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Merlo, MJ, Parietti, M and Etchegoin, JA (2017) Stunting of the penis in Heleobia parchappii (Mollusca: Cochliopidae) and its relationship with parasitism. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 123(1), 81–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Merlo, MJ, Parietti, M and Etchegoin, JA (2019) Temporal variations of larval digenean assemblages parasitizing Heleobia parchappii (Mollusca: Cochliopidae) in two shallow lakes from the Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Iheringia Série Zoologia 109, e2019025.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mesquita, SG, dos Santos Neves, FG, Scholte, RGC, dos Santos Carvalho, O, Fonseca, CT and Caldeira, RL (2021) Optimization of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for Schistosoma mansoni (Trematoda: Digenea) detection in Biomphalaria spp. from endemic areas for schistosomiasis in Brazil. Parasites & Vectors, 1–23. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-419640/v1.Google Scholar
Mignaqui, AC, Alvarez, LP, Soler, P and Larroza, MP (2020) Development of a duplex PCR for the identification of Fasciola hepatica in lymnaeid snails. Revista de Investigaciones Agropecuarias 46(3), 347–351.Google Scholar
Mollusca Base (eds.) (2021) MolluscaBase. Available at http://www.molluscabase.org (accessed 6 August 2021).Google Scholar
Morris, MR (1976) Contribución al conocimiento del parasitismo de Biomphalaria peregrina (D'Orbigny) (Mollusca, Gastropoda) [Contribution to the knowledge of the parasitism of Biomhalaria peregrina (D'Orbigny) (Mollusca, Gastropoda)]. Neotrópica 22(1), 93–98. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Morris, MR (1978) Estados larvales de trematodes digeneos en moluscos dulceacuícolas [Larval stages of digenean trematodes in freshwater molluscs]. Neotrópica 24(71), 69–72. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Muñoz, G and Olmos, V (2008) Revisión bibliográfica de especies endoparásitas y hospedadoras de sistemas acuáticos de Chile [Bibliographic review of endoparasitic and host species of aquatic systems of Chile]. Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía 43(2), 173–245. [In Spanish.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M (1972) Fauna de agua dulce de la República Argentina. I. Anotaciones sobre furcocercarias [Freshwater fauna of the Argentine Republic. I. annotations on furcocerriae]. Neotrópica 18, 137–140. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M (1973) Sobre el ciclo biológico de Posthodiplostomum nanum Dubois, 1937 (Trematoda, Diplostomatidae) [On the biological cycle of Posthodiplostomum nanum Dubois, 1937 (Trematoda, Diplostomatidae)]. Physis 32, 121–132. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M (1974a) Fauna de agua dulce de la República Argentina. II. Cercaria perteneciente a la superfamilia Opisthorchioidea y parte de su ciclo evolutivo (Trematoda) [Freshwater fauna of the Argentine Republic. II. Cercaria belonging to the Opisthorchioidea superfamily and part of its evolutionary cycle (Trematoda)]. Physis Sección B 33, 1–9. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M (1974b) Sobre el ciclo biológico de Episthmium suspensum (Braun, 1901) Travassos, 1922 [On the biological cycle of Episthmium suspensum (Braun, 1901) Travassos, 1922]. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia 1(1), 153–164. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M (1974c) Fauna de agua dulce de la República Argentina. III. Cercarias de la superfamilia Plagiorchioidea (Trematoda) [Freshwater fauna of the Argentine Republic. III. Cercariae of the superfamily Plagiorchioidea (Trematoda)]. Neotrópica 20(1), 1–8. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M (1974d) Estudio sobre estadíos larvales de trematodes Digeneos de peces Cyprinodontiformes. Physis 33, 45–61.Google Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M (1975a) Fauna de agua dulce de la República Argentina. IV. Cercarias (Trematoda) de Littoridina piscium [Freshwater fauna of the Argentine Republic. IV. Cercariae (Trematoda) of Littoridina piscium]. Physis Seccion B 34, 63–68. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M (1975b) Fauna de agua dulce de la República Argentina. IV. una cercaria de la familia Haploporidae (Trematoda) [Freshwater fauna of the Argentine Republic. IV. a cercariae of the family Haploporidae (Trematoda)]. Neotrópica 21, 61–64. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M (1976a) Fauna de agua dulce de la República Argentina. VI. las cercarias de Ascocotyle tenuicollis Price, 1935 y de Pygidiopsis pindoramensis Travassos, 1929 (Trematoda, Heterophyidae) [Fresh water fauna of the Argentine Republic. VI. the cercariae of Ascocotyle tenuicollis Price, 1935 and Pygidiopsis pindoramensis Travassos, 1929 (Trematoda, Heterophyidae). Physis Seccion B 34, 51–57. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M (1976b) Sobre el ciclo biológico de Hippocrepis fuelleborni Travassos y Vogelsang 1930 (Trematoda, Notocotylidae) [On the biological cycle of Hippocrepis fuelleborni Travassos and Vogelsang 1930 (Trematoda, Notocotylidae)]. Physis Seccion B 35, 125–130. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M (1977a) Fauna de agua dulce de la República Argentina. VIII. Furcocercarias (Trematoda) nuevas de moluscos de las familias Planorbidae y Ancylidae [Freshwater fauna of the Argentine Republic. VII. Furcocercariae (Trematoda) new from molluscs of the families Planorbidae and Ancylidae]. Physis Seccion B 37(1), 117–125. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M (1977b) Fauna de agua dulce de la República Argentina. VII. Cercarias de la familia Schistosomatidae (Trematoda, Digenea) [Freshwater fauna of the Argentine Republic. VII. Cercariae of the family Schistosomatidae (TTrematoda, Digenea)]. Comunicaciones del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia 2(3), 65–75. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M (1979a) Ungewöhnliche Xiphidiocercarie aus Ampullaria canaliculata nebst bemerkungen über Travtrema stenocotyle [Unusual Xiphidiocercaria from Ampullaria canaliculata together with remarks on Travtrema stenocotyle]. Angewandte Parasitologie 20, 46–52. [In German.]Google Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M (1979b) Fauna de agua dulce de la República Argentina IX. sobre representantes de la familia Paramphistomatidae (Trematoda) [Freshwater fauna of the Argentine Republic IX. about representatives of the family Paramphistomatidae (Trematoda)]. Physis Seccion B 38(95), 55–62. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M (1981) Fauna de agua dulce de la República Argentina. X. Cercarias de las superfamilias Echinostomatoidea, Allocreadioidea y Microphaloidea (Trematoda, Digenea) [Fresh water fauna of the Argentine Republic. X. Cercariae of the superfamilies Echinostomatoidea, Allocreadioidea, and Microphaloidea (Trematoda, Digenea). Comunicaciones del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia 2(1), 1–9. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M (1987) The life history of Acanthostomum brauni Mañe Garzon & Gil, 1961 (Trematoda, Acanthostomatidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger 218(5–6), 273–286.Google Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M (1989) The life history of a trematode, Apharyngostrigea simplex (Johnston 1904), from the ardeid bird Egretta thula in Argentina. Zoologischer Anzeiger 222(5–6), 322–336.Google Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M (1992) Life history studies of heterophyid trematodes in the Neotropical region: Ascocotyle (Leighia) hadra sp. n. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 87(4), 539–543.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ostrowski de Núñez, M (1993) Life-history studies of heterophyid trematodes in the Neotropical Region: Ascocotyle (Phagicola) diminuta (Stunkard & Haviland, 1924) and A.(P.) angrense Travassos, 1916. Systematic Parasitology 24(3), 191–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M (1994) Profile: Lothar Szidat (1892–1973). Systematic Parasitology 27(1), 77–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M (1995) Life history of Pygidiopsis crassus n. sp. (Trematoda, Digenea, Heterophyidae) in the neotropical region. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 90(1), 13–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M (1996) Life history studies of heterophyid trematodes in the Neotropical region: Pygidiopsis australis sp. n., a sibling species of P. pindoramensis Travassos, 1929. Acta Parasitologica 41(1), 13–19.Google Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M (1998) Life cycle of Ascocotyle (Phagicola) angeloi (Digenea: Heterophyidae) in the Neotropical region. Folia Parasitologica 45(3), 199–204.Google Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M (2001) Life cycles of two new sibling species of Ascocotyle (Ascocotyle) (Digenea, Heterophyidae) in the Neotropical region. Acta Parasitologica 46(2), 119–129.Google Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M (2007) Life cycle of Stephanoprora uruguayense (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) in Argentina. Journal of Parasitology 93(5), 1090–1096.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M and Gil de Pertierra, A (1991) The life history of Acanthostomum gnerii Szidat, 1954 (Trematoda: Acanthostomatidae), from the catfish Rhamdia sapo in Argentina. Zoologischer Anzeiger 227(1–2), 58–71.Google Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M and Quaggiotto, EA (1995) Trematodes larvales (Digenea) de las familias Diplostomidae, Strigeidae y Echinostomatidae en la región Patagónica Argentina [Larval trematodes (Digenea) of the families Diplostomidae, Strigeidae and Echinostomatidae in the Patagonian region of Argentina]. Boletín Chileno de Parasitología 50(1–2), 28–33. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M and Quintana, MG (2008) The life cycle of Stephanoprora aylacostoma n. sp. (Digenea: Echinostomatidae), parasite of the threatened snail Aylacostoma chloroticum (Prosobranchia, Thiaridae), in Argentina. Parasitology Research 102(4), 647–655.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M, Hamann, MI and Rumi, A (1990) Larval trematodes of Schistosoma mansoni transmitting snails, Biomphalaria spp., in northeastern Argentina. Acta Parasitologica Polonica 35(2), 85–96.Google Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M, Hamann, MI and Rumi, A (1991) Population dynamics of planorbid snails from a lenitic biotope in northeastern Argentina. Larval trematodes of Biomphalaria occidentalis and analysis of their prevalence and seasonality. Acta Parasitologica Polonica 36(4), 159–166.Google Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M, Hamann, MI and Rumi, A (1991) Population dynamics of planorbid snails from a lenitic biotope in northeastern Argentina. Larval trematodes of Biomphalaria occidentalis and analysis of their prevalence and seasonality. Acta Parasitologica Polonica 36(4), 159–166.Google Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M, Hamann, MI and Rumi, A (1997) Estudios de trematodes larvales en Biomphalaria spp. (Mollusca, Planorbidae) de la localidad de San Roque, provincia de Corrientes, Argentina [Studies of larval trematodes in Biomphalaria spp. (Mollusca, Planorbidae) from the locality of San Roque, province of Corrientes, Argentina]. Physis 54(126–127), 7–15. [In Spanish.Google Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M, Semenas, L, Brugni, N, Viozzi, G and Flores, VR (1999) Redescription of Acanthostomoides apophalliformis (Trematoda, Acanthostomidae) from Percichthys trucha. Acta Parasitologica 44(4), 222–228.Google Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M, Spatz, L and González Cappa, SM (2003) New intermediate hosts in the life cycle of Zygocotyle lunata in South America. Journal of Parasitology 89(1), 193–194.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ostrowski de Núñez, M, Davies, D and Spatz, L (2011) The life cycle of Zygocotyle lunata (Trematoda, Paramphistomoidea) in the subtropical region of South America. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 82(2), 581–588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ostrowski de Núñez, M, Quintana, MG and Laczkó, ACM (2020) The life cycle of Heterophyes yacyretana n. sp. (Digenea, Heterophyidae), parasitic in the endemic snail Aylacostoma chloroticum (Caenogastropoda, Thiaridae) in Argentina. Journal of Parasitology 106(5), 625–632.Google Scholar
Pantoja, C, Faltýnková, A, O'Dwyer, K, Jouet, D, Skírnisson, K and Kudlai, O (2021) Diversity of echinostomes (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) in their snail hosts at high latitudes. Parasite 28, 59.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parietti, M (2018) Ecología de las comunidades de digeneos larvales en hospedadores moluscos que habitan ambientes dulceacuícolas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina [Ecology of larval digenean communities in mollusc hosts that inhabit freshwater environments of Buenos Aires Province, Argentina]. Phd thesis, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Parietti, M, Merlo, MJ and Etchegoin, JA (2013) Can the studies at a spatial scale of 100s meters detect the spatiotemporal fluctuations of a parasite assemblage? Acta Parasitologica 58(4), 577–584.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parietti, M, Merlo, MJ and Etchegoin, JA (2015) Estadios larvales de digeneos (Trematoda) que parasitan a Biomphalaria peregrina, D'Orbigny, 1835 (Mollusca, Planorbidae) en el sudeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina) [Larval stages of digeneans (Trematoda) that parasitize Biomhalaria peregrina, D'Orbigny, 1835 (Mollusca, Planorbidae) in the southeast of Buenos Aires province (Argentina)]. Revista Argentina de Parasitología 3(3), 10–17. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Parietti, M, Merlo, MJ and Etchegoin, JA (2020) Spatio-temporal variations in larval digenean assemblages of Heleobia parchappii (Mollusca: Cochliopidae) inhabiting four human-impacted streams. Journal of Helminthology 94, E137.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parietti, M, Merlo, MJ and Etchegoin, JA (2021) Effects of droughts on the larval digenean assemblage that parasitizes the snail Biomphalaria peregrina (Planorbidae): a 4-year study in a temporary pond from Argentina. Parasitology Research 120(5), 1909–1914.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pereira, EM, Müller, G, Secchi, E, Pereira, J Jr and Valente, ALS (2013) Digenetic trematodes in South American sea lions from southern Brazilian waters. The Journal of Parasitology 99(5), 910–913.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pinto, HA and De Melo, AL (2013) A checklist of cercariae (Trematoda: Digenea) in molluscs from Brazil. Zootaxa 3666(4), 449–475.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prepelitchi, L (2002) Ciclo evolutivo parcial de dos especies de Echinostomatidae (Trematoda: Digenea) halladas en Lymnaea viatrix de Cholila, Chubut [Partial evolutionary cycle of two species of Echinostomatidae (Trematoda: Digenea) found in Lymnaea viatrix from Cholila, Chubut.] Grade thesis, Universidad Nacional de Buenos Aires, Argentina. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Prepelitchi, L and Ostrowski de Núñez, M (2007) Echinostomatid larval stages in Lymnaea viatrix (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) from southwest Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Parasitology 93(2), 323–327.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Quaggiotto, EA and Valverde, F (1995) Estadios larvales de trematodes digeneos en Chilina sp. (Mollusca, Pulmonata) de algunos cuerpos de agua de Patagonia, Argentina [Larval stages of digenean trematodes in Chilina sp. (Mollusca, Pulmonata) from some water bodies of Patagonia, Argentina]. Boletín Chileno de Parasitología 50(1–2), 33–36. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Quintana, MG and Ostrowski de Núñez, M (2014) The life cycle of Pseudosellacotyla lutzi (Digenea: Cryptogonimidae), in Aylacostoma chloroticum (Prosobranchia: Thiaridae), and Hoplias malabaricus (Characiformes: Erythrinidae), in Argentina. Journal of Parasitology 100(6), 805–811.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quintana, MG and Ostrowski de Núñez, M (2016) The life cycle of Neocladocystis intestinalis (Vaz, 1932) (Digenea: Cryptogonimidae), in Aylacostoma chloroticum (Prosobranchia: Thiaridae), and Salminus brasiliensis (Characiformes: Characidae), in Argentina. Parasitology Research 115(7), 2589–2595.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ritossa, L, Flores, VR and Viozzi, GP (2013) Life-cycle stages of a Posthodiplostomum species (Digenea: Diplostomidae) from Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Parasitology 99(5), 777–780.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ritossa, L, Flores, VR and Viozzi, GP (2014) Infection dynamics of Posthodiplostomum sp. (Digenea: Diplostomidae) in first and second intermediate hosts from an Andean Patagonian lake (Argentina). Revista Argentina de Parasitología 3(1), 16–23.Google Scholar
Rubel, D, Prepelitchi, L, Kleiman, F, Carnevale, S and Wisnivesky-Colli, C (2005) Estudio del foco en un caso de fasciolosis humana en Neuquén [Study of the focus in a case of human fasciolosis in Neuquén]. Medicina (Buenos Aires) 65(3), 207–212. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Rumi, A, Gutiérrez Gregoric, DE, Núñez, V, César, II, Roche, MA, Tassara, MP, Martin, S and Armengol, MFL (2006) Freshwater Gastropoda from Argentina: species richness, distribution patterns, and an evaluation of endangered species. Malacologia 49(1), 189–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rumi, A, Gutiérrez Gregoric, DE, Núñez, V and Darrigran, DA (2008) Malacología Latinoamericana. Moluscos de agua dulce de Argentina [Latin American malacology. Freshwater molluscs from Argentina]. Revista Biologica Tropica 56(1), 77–111. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Sanero, E, Hechem, V, Saunders, DN, Boquet, M, Assef, YA, Pardo, CA, Villegas, V and Sanchez Thevenet, P (2018) Insights on the presence and economic impact of water related trematodes in natural environments from Patagonia, southern Argentina. Journal Water Technology and Treatment Methods 1(4), 1–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwantes, JB, Quevedo, P, D’Ávila, MF, Molento, MB and Graichen, DAS (2020) Fasciola hepatica in Brazil: genetic diversity provides insights into its origin and geographic dispersion. Journal of Helminthology 94, e83, 1–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Semenas, L, Brugni, N and Ostrowski de Núñez, M (1999) Metacercariae of Echinostomatidae in Diplodon chilensis (Unionacea, Pelecypoda) and description of Echinoparyphium megacirrus sp. n. in Patagonia (Argentina). Acta Parasitologica 44(1), 63–67.Google Scholar
Silva, AEP, Freitas, CDC, Dutra, LV and Molento, MB (2020) Correlation between climate data and land altitude for Fasciola hepatica infection in cattle in Santa Catarina, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 29(3), e008520.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Soler, P (2018) Diagnóstico de infestación por Fasciola hepática (Trematoda) en caracoles lymnaeidos mediante técnicas moleculares [Diagnosis of Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda) infestation in lymnaeid snails by molecular techniques]. Grade thesis, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Szidat, L (1951) Cercarias schistosómicas y dermatitis schistosómica humana en la República Argentina [Schistosomal cercariae and human schistosomal dermatitis in the Argentine Republic]. Comunicación del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Ciencias Naturales, Buenos Aires, Zoología 210, 129–150. {In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Szidat, L (1954) Trematodes nuevos de especies de agua dulce de la República Argentina y un intento para aclarar su carácter marino [New trematodes of freshwater species from the Argentine Republic and an attempt to clarify their marine character]. Revista del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Ciencias Naturales Y Zoologicas 3(1), 1–85. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Szidat, L (1956) Uber den entwicklungszyklus mit progenetischen larvenstadien (Cercariaeen) von Genarchella genearchella Travassos, 1928 (Trematoda, Hemiuridae) und die moglichkeit einer hormonalen beeinflussung der parasiten durch ihre wirtstiere [On the development cycle with progenetic larval stages (Cercariaeen) of Genarchella genearchella Travassos, 1928 (Trematoda, Hemiuridae) and the possibility of a hormonal influencing of the parasites by their host animals]. Zeitschrift fur Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie 7(1), 132–153. [In German.]Google Scholar
Szidat, L (1957) Über den entwicklungszyklus von Psilochasmus oxyurus (Creplin 1825, Lühe 1910) (Trematoda, Psilostomidae) in Argentinien [On the development cycle of Psilochasmus oxyurus (Creplin 1825, Lühe 1910) (Trematoda, Psilostomidae) in Argentina]. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 18(1), 24–35. [In German.]Google Scholar
Szidat, L (1958) Investigaciones sobre Cercaria chascomusi n. sp. agente causal de una nueva enfermedad humana en la Argentina: La dermatitis de los bañistas de la laguna Chascomús [Research on Cercaria chascomusi n. sp. causal agent of a new human disease in Argentina: dermatitis of the bathers of the Chascomús lagoon]. Boletín del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia 18(1), 1–16. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Szidat, L (1963) Sobre Ciclocoelidae (Trematoda, Digenea) sudamericanas con una contribución sobre su ecología [On South American Cyclocoelidae (Trematoda, Digenea) with a contribution on their ecology.] Revista Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia 9(1), 27–36. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Szidat, L (1964) Cercaria macronucleata sp. nov. (Trematoda) de la almeja del Río de la Plata Diplodon variabilis [Cercaria macronucleata sp. nov. (Trematoda) of the Rio de la Plata clam Diplodon variabilis]. Neotrópica 10(31), 49–53. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Szidat, L (1970) Saccocoelioides octavus n. sp., a new species of the genus Saccocoelioides Szidat, 1954 (Trematoda, Haploporinae Looss 1902). Revista Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia 10(5), 87–100.Google Scholar
Szidat, L and Szidat, U (1960) Eine neue, dermatitis erzeugende cercarie der trematoden-familie Schistosomidae aus Tropicorbis peregrinus (D'Orbigny) des Rio Quequén [A new dermatitis-causing cercaria of the trematode family Schistosomidae from Tropicorbis peregrinus (D'Orbigny) of the Rio Quequén]. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 20, 359–367. [In German.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szidat, L and Szidat, U (1961) Die trematoden der gattung Notocotylus Diesing 1839 (Notocotylidae Lühe 1909) aus Südamerika bzw. Argentinien und daten ihrer entwicklungsgeschichte [The trematodes of the genus Notocotylus Diesing 1839 (Notocotylidae Lühe 1909) from South America and Argentina and dates of their development history]. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde 21(2), 169–180. [In German.]Google Scholar
Tsuchida, K, Urabe, M, Viozzi, G, Rauque, C and Flores, VR (2021) A new species of hemiuroidean trematode from Hatcheria macraei (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) and Heleobia hatcheri (Gastropoda, Gochliopidae) in a Patagonian river. Parasitology Research 120, 2523–2532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Veleizán, AA (2009) Efecto de la heterogeneidad ambiental sobre la comunidad de digeneos larvales de Chilina spp. (Gastropoda) en lagos de la Patagonia Argentina [Effect of environmental heterogeneity on the larval digenean community of Chilina spp. (Gastropoda) in lakes of Patagonia Argentina]. Grade thesis, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Veleizán, AA, Flores, VR and Viozzi, GP (2016) Dermatitis cercarial en bañistas del norte de la Patagonia Argentina [Cercarial dermatitis in bathers from northern Patagonia Argentina]. Medicina (Argentina) 76(1), 25–29. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Wernicke, R (1888) Informe sobre los trabajos llevados a cabo en el laboratorio para el estudio de las enfermedades contagiosas [Report on the work carried out in the laboratory for the study of contagious diseases]. Biblioteca de la Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires 1, 16599. [In Spanish.]Google Scholar
Wernicke, R (1892) Trematodes. Anales del Círculo Médico Argentino 15(6), 337–347.Google Scholar
World Register of Marine Species (2021). Available at https://www.marinespecies.org/ (accessed 6 August 2021).Google Scholar
Figure 0

Fig. 1. Map showing locations with the larval digeneans registered in the bibliographical survey in Argentina.

Figure 1

Table 1. List of molluscan hosts.

Figure 2

Table 2. Digenean list found in molluscan hosts from Argentina.

Supplementary material: File

Merlo et al. supplementary material

Table S2

Download Merlo et al. supplementary material(File)
File 45.6 KB
Supplementary material: File

Merlo et al. supplementary material

Table S1

Download Merlo et al. supplementary material(File)
File 20.7 KB