A welcome trend in recent scholarship on the English Reformation is the increased recognition that has been accorded to the role of continental influences in defining the character of early English Protestantism. Thanks to studies by Diarmaid MacCulloch and Carrie Euler, the contribution of the Zurich Reformed Church has been identified as particularly significant in this regard. In this volume of five essays and translated texts, Torrance Kirby examines the reception in England of a key aspect of the Zurichers' thought, their political theology. Strong links between the English Church and Zurich were established in the reign of Edward vi, and the relationship was cemented during the Marian persecution, when Zurich played host to a sizeable exile community, including several future bishops. Kirby focuses his attention on two leading figures: Heinrich Bullinger, senior minister in Zurich from 1531 to 1575; and the Florentine exile Peter Martyr Vermigli, who ended his days as professor of Old Testament in Zurich. Bullinger's doctrine of the magistrate's cura religionis is seen as having a particular resonance in the English context, where it was used to justify the royal supremacy and fed into the ‘erastian’ arguments of churchmen such as Whitgift and Hooker. Because of his emphasis on conformity, at least with regard to ‘things indifferent’, Bullinger proved to be a valuable ally of the Elizabethan religious establishment in its conflicts with those who demanded a more thoroughgoing purge of papist ‘relics’ from the Church. Vermigli's contribution was, if anything, even more important. As Regius Professor of Divinity at Oxford under Edward vi, Vermigli had a hand in both the 1552 Prayer Book and the Reformatio legum ecclesiasticarum. For signs of his influence at the highest level of the English Church, one need look no further than the sermon on the obedience of subjects preached by Cranmer during the Western Rebellion, which, as Kirby shows, was largely Vermigli's work. Following his departure from England, the Florentine's political thought continued to be disseminated through his biblical commentaries, in which he used a combination of Augustinian and Aristotelian arguments to demonstrate the supremacy of civil over ecclesiastical jurisdiction, against the canonists. Overall, Kirby mounts a convincing challenge to the traditional characterisation of the Elizabethan Church as a via media, mixing Protestant theology with pre-Reformation structures, on the basis that this fails to recognise the diversity of approaches that existed within the Reformed tradition. The Genevan model invoked by early Presbyterians such as Field and Wilcox was rejected by the Swiss cities, as well as the Elizabethan bench of bishops, and English disputes over church government were mirrored in some continental Reformed states, notably the Palatinate. If one criticism can be made of Kirby's work, it is that his focus on the issue of church government is unduly restrictive. Given that Bullinger's Decades and Vermigli's Loci communes were ‘the two standard works of theology in the English universities’ under Elizabeth, there is clearly scope for exploration of the broader theological influence of the Zurich reformers on the late sixteenth-century English Church.
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