Axel Ehler's book on the Teutonic Knights and the indulgences which they received between the thirteenth and sixteenth centuries is a comprehensive study that raises important questions for the history of the Teutonic Order, the history of the crusades and more generally the understanding of the practice of indulgences in the late Middle Ages. The volume is organised in two sections. A first part deals with the papal indulgences granted to the Teutonic Order from the pontificate of Honorius iii (1216–27) onwards as a reward for fighting on crusade in Livonia, Estonia, Lithuania and Prussia. Similarly, this section addresses the issue of the indulgences given between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries to the order's churches and chapels, especially in the kingdom of Germany, in order to support the preaching and funding of the crusades. Finally, this first part of the volume includes a study of the so-called ‘summaries’ or ‘tariff-lists’ of indulgences, compiled by the order between the fourteenth and early sixteenth centuries. The second section of the volume includes calendars of sources and critical editions, comprising a comprehensive list of calendars of indulgences granted to churches and chapels of the order in the German provinces and the critical edition of twelve ‘summaries’ or ‘tariff-lists’ of indulgences. The study and the edition of such primary source material is undoubtedly the most innovative part of the book, which shows how the Teutonic Order, following the example of the Franciscans, the Dominican and the Hospitallers, organised and used the indulgences that it received in order to promote its popularity among the laity, collect alms and support its long-term crusading policy in northern Europe. Furthermore, the systematic examination of these tariff-lists of indulgences raises a question concerning forged indulgences and the claims of local churches and chapels of the order to indulgences granted to the entire order (‘indulgentie ordinis’), which vary considerably in the local traditions recorded in the tariff-lists. The continuous use of indulgences provoked strong criticisms against the Teutonic Knights in the fifteenth century. This hostility increased in the early sixteenth century as a consequence of the two jubilees promoted by the papacy in Livonia in 1503–6 and 1507–10 in order to support the Teutonic Knights and prevent the Russian expansion in the region. In conclusion, the volume sheds new light on the history of the Teutonic Order, which has often been exclusively identified as a crusading military order. Conversely, Ehler's work highlights the importance of the order in the ordinary administration of the cure of souls, especially as far as the performance of the sacrament of confession and the grant of remission of sins were concerned, and its promotion of lay piety through the management of parish churches. As Ehler points out in his conclusion, the relevance of the order in the ‘market of indulgences’ (Ablassmarkt), which characterised the late Middle Ages, is evidenced by the so-called ‘table of indulgences’ of Graz, dated 1513, a wooden portable altar piece which was exhibited in the Teutonic Order's church in Graz and reproduces the papal letters of indulgence granted to the order. This artefact highlights how important the issue of indulgences was to late medieval piety and how relevant the Teutonic Order was in its ordinary administration.