Atlantic perspectives have already transformed history-writing about the early modern period. Yet making sense of cross-ocean religious connections throughout the ages of Reform and Revivalism, especially for a category of people as broad as ‘women’, remains challenging. The nine essays here, which grow out of a conference, help to address this difficulty. In their introduction, Emily Clark and Mary Laven convincingly argue for the inability of narrower geographical and confessional framings to capture the religious encounters and entanglements that characterised these years. Taken together, these contributions provide a rich sampling of women's experience of Christianity around the Atlantic basin. None the less, the absence of indigenous American women's voices is a serious oversight that limits the book's usefulness as an introduction to the field. Enslaved black women in the Americas also make few appearances, an odd lacuna given their visibility in the wider historiography. The individual essays are all of high quality, however, and scholars of either religion or gender in this time period should take note of them. The first section looks at women in early modern Europe with a piece by the late Patrick Collinson on women in Foxe's ‘Book of Martyrs’, followed by Robin Briggs's examination of a possessed French nun at a site of confessional conflict. Next, four fine offerings explore the religious lives of women in Caribbean, North American and African contexts. John J. Clune and Emily Clark investigate struggles over female monasticism in Cuba and New Orleans respectively, while Annette Laing studies two Protestant women who crossed both the Atlantic Ocean and confessional boundaries. An excellent article by Cathy Skidmore-Hess, which is the highlight of the volume, details the complexity of the religious choices made by an Angolan queen, Njinga of Matamba, in the face of seventeenth-century Portuguese expansion. The final section moves forward to the nineteenth-century to discuss women in the age of Revival. Susan O'Brien deftly proves the centrality of religious sisters to the growth of a transnational, revivalist Catholicism in Victorian England. Hazel Mills then shifts the focus to France, analysing Jeanne-Antide Thouret's negotiation of the shifting religious and political tides there as she sought to build spiritual community. Finally, Protestant women come to centre-stage once more in Timothy J. Lockley's explanation of the changing fortunes of female benevolent societies in Savannah, Georgia. This brief volume can, of course, only begin the discussion of such a sweeping subject as this book undertakes. Yet readers of these essays will gain immensely from an increased ability to understand the role of women and gender in the creation of a trans-oceanic spiritual world.
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