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LECTOTYPIFICATION OF SOME ARABIAN APOCYNACEAE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 March 2009

P. V. Bruyns  and
A. G. Miller
P. V. Bruyns
Affiliation:
Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town, 7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. E-mail: peter.bruyns@uct.ac.za
A. G. Miller
Affiliation:
Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Scotland, UK. E-mail: t.miller@rbge.ac.uk

Abstract

Lectotypes are selected for the following names in the Apocynaceae from the Arabian Peninsula: Adenium arabicum Balf.f., Adenium obesum (Forssk.) Roem. & Schultes, Caralluma adenensis (Deflers) A.Berger, Cryptolepis intricata (Balf.f.) Venter, Cryptolepis volubilis (Balf.f.) O.Schwartz, Kanahia laniflora (Forssk.) R.Br., Leptadenia arborea (Forssk.) Schweinf., Marsdenia robusta Balf.f., Rhazya stricta Decne. and Tylophora yemensis Deflers. For Secamone socotrana Balf.f., it is noted that a previous citation of a holotype is rather an effective designation of a lectotype. Neotypes are selected for Caralluma hexagona var. septentrionalis Lavranos & L.E.Newton, Glossonema boveanum (Decne.) Decne., Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Forssk.) Decne. and Orbea chrysostephana (Deflers) Bruyns.

Keywords

ApocynaceaeArabian PeninsulaFlora of Arabialectotypesneotypes

Information

Type
Articles
Information
Edinburgh Journal of Botany , Volume 66 , Issue 1 , March 2009 , pp. 97 - 101
Copyright
Copyright © Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 2009

Introduction

Examination of the literature and of material from several herbaria, in preparation for an account of the family for the Flora of Arabia, has indicated that the names of the following species (and one variety) of Apocynaceae from the Arabian Peninsula have not been precisely typified. Since typification is not included in the Flora of Arabia format, where necessary, lectotypes and neotypes are designated here. In the case of Secamone socotrana, where a holotype had been cited in error (Goyder, Reference Goyder1992), this is corrected to the effective designation of a lectotype.

  • Adenium obesum (Forssk.) Roem. & Schultes, Syst. Veg. 4: 411 (1819). – Nerium obesum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 205 (1775). – Cameraria obesum (Forssk.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 641 (1824). – Type: Yemen (N), Jabal Milhan, Forsskål 235 (lecto C, designated here).

In Leeuwenberg (Reference Leeuwenberg, Hedberg, Edwards and Nemomissa2003) this collection is cited as the holotype. However, Forsskål (Reference Forsskål1775) mentioned two collections, one from ‘Melhan’ and one from ‘Aden’, and did not indicate either as a type. Therefore a lectotype should be selected and the collection from Jabal Milhan (the ‘Melhan’ of Forsskål) is proposed here as the lectotype. Leeuwenberg's citation is not an effective lectotypification under Art. 7.11 of the ICBN (McNeill et al., Reference McNeill, Barrie, Burdet, Demoulin, Hawksworth and Marhold2006).

  • Adenium arabicum Balf.f., Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 31: 162 (1888). – Type: Yemen (S), Aden, iii 1862, Playfair s.n. (lecto K, designated here). = Adenium obesum.

Balfour (Reference Balfour1888) did not cite any material when he described Adenium arabicum but mentioned that this ‘species’ occurred around Aden. No material from Aden that he may have seen has been traced at Edinburgh and the only specimen that we have located that he might have consulted is that of Playfair at Kew. Since he cited a different specimen of Playfair's, also at Kew, under his Adenium somalense Balf.f. (Balfour, Reference Balfour1888), it is assumed that he also saw the Playfair specimen lectotypified here for Adenium arabicum.

  • Caralluma adenensis (Deflers) A.Berger, Stapel. & Klein. 79 (1910). – Boucerosia adenensis Deflers, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 43: 115 (1896). – Crenulluma adenensis (Deflers) Plowes, Haseltonia 3: 66 (1995). – Desmidorchis adenensis (Deflers) Meve & Liede, Pl. Syst. Evol. 234: 202 (2002). – Type: Yemen (S), Mt Nakhai, 600–700 m, 1 iv 1890, Deflers 506 (lecto MPU, designated here; isolecto P).

Deflers (Reference Deflers1896) cited several collections for this species in the protologue. These were Jabal Scham-Scham, Deflers 65 and 518 (collected 1889–90); Wadi Eybad, near Schoukra and towards Jabals Nakhai and ‘Areys, Deflers 506, 863, 917 and 1019 (collected 1889–90 and 1893); and Jabal Heys, Deflers 1163 (collected 1894). Of these collections, Deflers 65 has not been located. The rest are all present in MPU and duplicates of Deflers 506 and 518 are also housed at P. Deflers 506 (MPU) is selected as the lectotype.

  • Caralluma hexagona var. septentrionalis Lavranos & L.E.Newton, Cact. Succ. J. (U.S.) 51: 234 (1979). – Sulcolluma hexagona var. septentrionalis (Lavranos & L.E.Newton) Plowes, Haseltonia 3: 62 (1995). – Type: Yemen (N), 15 km north of Sana'a, Lavranos & Newton 15724 (missing). Neotype: Yemen (N), outskirts of Sana'a along the road to Hodeida, Bruyns 10170 (neo E, designated here; isoneo MO). = Caralluma hexagona Lavranos.

The type, which was said to be at Edinburgh, is missing. Furthermore, although Lavranos & Newton (Reference Lavranos and Newton1979) mentioned several other collections that they made of this variety, none of these appears to have been preserved and therefore a neotype is selected. This comes from the same general area as the type and has similarly slightly campanulate flowers.

  • Cryptolepis intricata (Balf.f.) Venter, Taxon 46: 713 (1997). – Mitolepis intricata Balf.f., Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 12: 78 (1883). – Type: Socotra, above Kischen, 800 m, 1 v 1881, Schweinfurth 651 (lecto E, designated here).

Balfour (Reference Balfour1883) cited two specimens under Mitolepis intricata, namely Balfour, Cockburn & Scott 508 and Schweinfurth 651. Only the latter has been located and is selected as the lectotype.

  • Cryptolepis volubilis (Balf.f.) O.Schwartz, Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 10: 187 (1939). – Ectadiopsis volubilis Balf.f., Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 12: 78 (1883). – Curroria decidua var. volubilis (Balf.f.) Bullock, Kew Bull. 1953: 361 (1953). – Type: Socotra, 170 m, 1881, Schweinfurth 472 (lecto E, designated here).

For this species Balfour (Reference Balfour1883) cited the collections Balfour, Cockburn & Scott 259 and 696, and Schweinfurth 472 and 667. Of these, Balfour, Cockburn & Scott 259 and Schweinfurth 472 have been located at Edinburgh and the latter is selected as the lectotype.

  • Glossonema boveanum (Decne.) Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 9: 335 (1838). – Cynanchum boveanum Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 4: 82 (1835). – Odontanthera boveana (Decne.) Mabb. in Manilal, Botany & History of Hortus Malabaricus 89 (1980). – Type: Saudi Arabia, near Ferihe, 15 ii 1836, Schimper 920 (neo W, designated here; isoneo FI, K, P).

Decaisne (Reference Decaisne1835) mentioned only ‘Hab. l'Yemen’ and no collections (as for Rhazya stricta, see below) but, since this paper was about new collections of Botta and Bové that had recently arrived from Arabia, it was clearly described from a collection of theirs. Decaisne (Reference Decaisne1838) mentioned collections of Botta and Bové from the Tihama in Yemen and also a collection ‘in arenosis ad rupes Ferihe, Schimper’. The lattermost is almost certainly the collection ‘near Ferihe, Schimper 920’, which is at FI, K, P and W. No collections by either Botta or Bové have been located and so Schimper 920 is selected as the neotype.

  • Kanahia laniflora (Forssk.) R.Br. in Salt, Voy. Abyss., App. 4: 64 (1814). – Asclepias laniflora Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 51 (1775). – Type: Yemen, Forsskål 265 (lecto C, designated here).

Forsskål (Reference Forsskål1775) did not list any material or localities but the specimens Forsskål 265, 973 and 974, all at C and cited by Goyder (Reference Goyder, Hedberg, Edwards and Nemomissa2003), are all almost certainly original material. The first is selected here as the lectotype.

  • Leptadenia arborea (Forssk.) Schweinf., Arab. Pflanzennamen 167 (1912). – Cynanchum arboreum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 53 (1775). – Type: Yemen, Forsskål 271 (lecto C, designated here).

For Cynanchum arboreum Forsskål (Reference Forsskål1775) again listed neither material nor localities but the specimens Forsskål 271 and 273, both at C, and Forsskål s.n. (LD), cited by Goyder (Reference Goyder, Hedberg, Edwards and Nemomissa2003), are almost certainly original material. Here we select the first as the lectotype.

  • Leptadenia pyrotechnica (Forssk.) Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 9: 270 (1838). – Cynanchum pyrotechnicum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab. 53 (1775). – Sarcostemma pyrotechnicum (Forssk.) Schult. in Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 6: 116 (1820). – Microloma pyrotechnicum (Forssk.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 1: 855 (1824). – Type: Yemen, Forsskål s.n. (missing). Neotype: Yemen, iii 1831, Bové 255 (neo G-DC, designated here).

None of Forsskål's original material has been located and so a neotype is selected here.

  • Marsdenia robusta Balf.f., Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 12: 79 (1883). – Type: Socotra, ii–iii 1880, Balfour, Cockburn & Scott 522 (lecto E [barcode E00199373], designated here).

In the protologue Balfour (Reference Balfour1883) cited two specimens: Balfour, Cockburn & Scott 522 and Schweinfurth 741. The collection Schweinfurth 741 has not been located, but there are two sheets of Balfour, Cockburn & Scott 522 at Edinburgh, of which the one numbered as above has flowers, while the other is sterile. The specimen with flowers is selected as the lectotype.

  • Orbea chrysostephana (Deflers) Bruyns, Aloe 37: 74 (2001). – Stapelia chrysostephana Deflers, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 43: 117 (1896). – Caralluma chrysostephana (Deflers) A.Berger, Stapel. & Klein. 115 (1910). – Pachycymbium chrysostephanum (Deflers) M.G.Gilbert, Bradleya 8: 24 (1990). – Angolluma chrysostephana (Deflers) Plowes, Excelsa 16: 118 (1993). – Type: Yemen (S), steep southern slopes of Jabal al ‘Areys, 500–600 m, Deflers 1071 (missing). Neotype: Yemen (S), southern slopes of Jabal al ‘Areys, Bruyns 10284 (neo E, designated here).

Extensive searching at MPU by P. Schäfer has not revealed any material of the type collection, Deflers 1071, and we were also not able to locate it at P. It is, therefore, assumed to be missing and the specimen Bruyns 10284 (E), from the same area as Deflers 1071, is selected here as a neotype.

  • Rhazya stricta Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Sér. 2, 4: 81 (1835). – Type: Yemen, Botta s.n. (lecto P, designated here).

When Decaisne (Reference Decaisne1835) described this species he mentioned no collections, except to say that the same species had been collected by Jacquemont ‘near Pinda Denkan, when returning to Punjab and Kashmir’. The paper in which the name is published is, however, a work on the collections of Botta and Bové which had recently arrived at the Paris Herbarium from Arabia. A Botta specimen from Arabia exists at P and was annotated by Decaisne as Rhazya stricta. Consequently this is selected as the lectotype.

  • Secamone socotrana Balf.f., Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 12: 79 (1883). – Type: Socotra, ii–iii 1880, Balfour, Cockburn & Scott 179 (lecto K, designated by Goyder, Reference Goyder1992).

Balfour (Reference Balfour1883) cited two collections, Balfour, Cockburn & Scott 179 and Schweinfurth 739. The former is at Kew, while the latter has not been located. Goyder (Reference Goyder1992) cited the former as ‘holotype’ but, being published prior to 2001, this citation is correctable under the ICBN, Art. 9.8 (McNeill et al., Reference McNeill, Barrie, Burdet, Demoulin, Hawksworth and Marhold2006) to the selection of a lectotype.

  • Tylophora yemensis Deflers, Voy. Yemen 165 (1889). – Tylophoropsis yemensis (Deflers) N.E.Br., Gard. Chron. Ser. 3, 16: 244 (1894). – Type: Yemen (N), Jabal Kahel, near Menakha, 2500 m, 10 v 1887, Deflers 331 (lecto MPU, designated here; isolecto MPU, P).

Deflers (Reference Deflers1889) cited two collections: Deflers 331 and Deflers 620 (Route between Shibam and Kaukaban, 2600–2800 m, 10 vii 1887). Both are present, with duplicates, at MPU and both are present, with duplicates, at P (i.e. a total of eight specimens exists!). Deflers 331 is selected here as lectotype.

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to P. Schäfer of MPU, D. Goyder of K and the curator of the herbaria at G for searching through the material and supplying images of certain specimens. The curators at E, K and P are also thanked for the loan of specimens.

References

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