Introduction
Hawksworth et al. (Reference Hawksworth, Blanco, Divakar, Ahti and Crespo2008) presented a first checklist of parmelioid and similar lichens in Europe and some adjacent territories, in which 25 genera and 143 species were accepted; synonyms used at species level in the European literature were also cross-referenced to the names of accepted taxa. The publication of a checklist always stimulates others to point out omissions and corrections, and that checklist was no exception. The present contribution summarizes the additions and corrections that have been drawn to our attention, along with subsequently made taxonomic changes that have been introduced.
Additions and Corrections
Additional species now recognized are indicated in bold type, accepted species with additions or corrections are placed in regular type, and additional or revised synonyms are given in italic type. The country codes used (Table 1) follow those in Hawksworth et al. (Reference Hawksworth, Blanco, Divakar, Ahti and Crespo2008: Table 1) with the addition of Albania (AL) and Crete (CRE), the latter records of which are now separated from those of the rest of Greece. Literature and online sources used in preparing this update are listed under ‘References’ below.
Abbreviations used for country and island names (for notes on usages see Hawksworth et al. 2008)
Allantoparmelia almquistii (Vain.) Essl. 1978
GRO, RUS
Lit.: Urbanavichus (Reference Urbanavichus2010).
Arctoparmelia incurva
Add IS
Asahinea chrysantha (Tuck.) W.L. Culb. & C.F. Culb. 1965
N, RUS
Lit.: Hakulinen & Ulvinen (Reference Hakulinen and Ulvinen1966), Randlane & Saag (Reference Randlane and Saag1989).
Brodoa intestiniformis
Add GR
Brodoa oroarctica
Add SV
Canoparmelia crozalsiana = Parmotrema crozalsianum
Cavernularia hultenii = Hypogymnia hultenii
Cetrelia alaskana
Change RUS to RUS (?)
Note: The reported specimen from RUS requires confirmation.
Cetrelia cetrarioides
Add EST
Cetrelia chicitae
Add RUS
Cetrelia monachorum
Add S
Cetrelia olivetorum
Change EST (extinct) to EST
Flavoparmelia caperata
Change EST (extinct) to EST
Flavoparmelia soredians
Add GR, MAD, RUS, and S
Hypogymnia bitteri
Add GR (?) and GRO, and delete NL
Hypogymnia bryophila McCune Reference McCune2002
P
Lit.: McCune (Reference McCune2002).
Hypogymnia farinacea
Add NL (extinct)
Hypogymnia hultenii (Degel.) Krog Reference Krog1951
GB, N, S
Note: Molecular sequence data shows that this species has to be included within Hypogymnia (Miądlikowska et al. Reference Miądlikowska, Schoch, Kageyama, Molnar, Lutzoni and McCune2011), as proposed earlier by Räsänen (Reference Räsänen1943) and Krog (Reference Krog1951).
Hypogymnia incurvoides
Add GRO
Hypogymnia laminisorediata
Add GR and SRBI
Hypogymnia physodes
Add GR and JM
Hypogymnia subobscura
Add FIN
Lit.: Thell & Moberg (Reference Thell and Moberg2011), Stenroos et al. (Reference Stenroos, Ahti, Lohtander and Myllys2011).
Hypogymnia vittata
Change DK (extinct) to DK, and add GR (?) and NL (extinct)
Hypogymnia madeirensis (in Note)
Add EC
Hypogymnia obscurata (Ach.) Zopf 1907 = H. austerodes
Hypogymnia obscurata auct. non (Ach.) Zopf 1907 = H. bitteri
Hypogymnia pertusa (Schrank) Zopf 1907 = Menegazzia terebrata
Hypotrachyna afrorevoluta (Krog & Swinscow) Krog & Swinscow Reference Masson1978
CH, D, EC, F, GB, IRL, N, NL, P, RUS, TR
Note: Canary Islands material has now been confirmed by molecular sequence data, but no sequence data are yet available from European collections. However, the species is accepted here now as it is being recognized on morphological grounds by European lichenologists (e.g. Masson Reference Masson2005).
Hypotrachyna britannica
Add CH
Hypotrachyna cryptochlora (Vain.) D. Hawksw. & A. Crespo 2011Footnote 1
AZO, EC
Hypotrachyna horrescens (Taylor) Krog & Swinscow 1987
AZO, CH, E, EC, F, GB, I, IRL, MAD, P, SLO
Hypotrachyna minarum (Vain.) Krog & Swinscow 1987
AZO, CH, E, EC, F, GB, GR, I, MAD, P, TR
Hypotrachyna revoluta
Add GR (?)
Note: add “Some records may refer to H. afrorevoluta.”
Hypotrachyna rockii
Start on a new line.
Hypotrachyna prolongata (Kurok.) Hale 1975
Reported from MAD
Hypotrachyna pseudosinuosa (Asah.) Hale 1975
Reported from AZO and EC
Hypotrachyna subfatiscens (Kurok.) Swinscow & Krog 1988
Reported from AZO
Imshaugia aleurites
Add GRO
Melanelia disjuncta
Add FO, GR
Melanelia panniformis
Add EST, FO
Melanelia hepatizon
Add GR (?), and change EST (extinct) to EST
Melanelia sorediella = Cetrariella sorediella (Lettau) V. J. Rico & A. Thell 2011
Note: This taxon was established as a member of the cetrarioid clade, along with C. commitxta (Nyl.) A. Thell 1995, by Nelson et al. (Reference Nelsen, Chavez, Sackett-Hermann, Thell, Randlane, Divakar, Rico and Lumbsch2011) on the basis of molecular phylogenetic studies.
Melanelia stygia
Add SV
Melanelia tominii
Add SV
Melanelixia fuliginosa
Replace existing country records by: A, B, CRE, CZ, D, DK, E, EST, F, FIN, FO, GB, GR, I, IRL, IS, L, N, P, PL, RO, RUS, S, SV (?), UA
Note: Reports from AL, AND, BG, BIH, BR, CH, EC, FO, FYRM, H, HR, IS, LT, LV, MAD, MNE, NL, SRBI, SK, SLO, and TR may include or refer to M. glabratula and are in need of reassessment.
Lit.: Arup & Sandler Berlin (Reference Arup and Sandler Berlin2011), Thell & Moberg (Reference Thell and Moberg2011).
Melanelixia fuliginosa subsp. glabratula = Melanelixia glabratula
Melanelixia glabra
Add CRE
Melanelixia glabratula (Lamy) Sandler & Arup 2011
A, B, CH, CZ, D, DK, E, EST, F, FIN, GB, GR, GRO, H, I, IRL, L, LT, LV, N, NL, P, RO, RUS, S, SK, UA
Note: Some reports of M. fuliginosa from other countries (see Note above) may include or represent this species.
Lit.: Arup & Sandler Berlin (Reference Arup and Sandler Berlin2011), Thell & Moberg (Reference Thell and Moberg2011).
Melanelixia subargentifera
Add NL
Melanelixia subaurifera
Add GR and NL, MAD, and delete FO
Melanohalea elegantula
Change EST (extinct) to EST, and add SV
Melanohalea exasperata
Add CRE
Melanohalea exasperatula
Add CRE
Melanohalea olivacea
Add CH and N
Melanohalea laciniatula
Add CRE and RUS (?)
Menegazzia subsimilis
Add IRL
Myelochora aurulenta
Add TR
Myelochroa subaurulenta
Delete the entire species entry; the species is not known from the European part of RUS.
Parmelia angustiphylla = Xanthoparmelia angustiphylla
Parmelia austerodes Nyl. 1881 = Hypogymnia austerodes
Parmelia barrenoae
Add RUS
Parmelia budae = ? Melanelixia glabratula
Parmelia carneopruinata = Parmotrema carneopruinatum
Parmelia crozalsiana = Parmotrema crozalsianum
Parmelia dissecta = Hypotrachya horrescens
Parmelia encryptata A. Crespo et al. 2011
E, GB, IRL
Lit.: Molina et al. (Reference Molina, Divakar, Millanes, Sánchez, Del-Prado, Hawksworth and Crespo2011)
Parmelia ernstiae
Add BIH, CZ, DK, EST, F, FIN, GR, L, NL, and RUS
Lit.: Thell & Moberg (Reference Thell and Moberg2011), Stenroos et al. (Reference Stenroos, Ahti, Lohtander and Myllys2011), Urbanavichus (Reference Urbanavichus2010).
Parmelia fraudans
Start on a separate line, and also change the date to 1875.
Parmelia fuliginosa var. laetevirens = Melanelixia glabratula
Parmelia flotowiana = Melanelixia glabratula
Parmelia fuliginosa var. laetevirens = Melanelixia glabratula
Parmelia glabratula subsp. fuliginosa = Melanelixia fuliginosa
Parmelia horrescens = Hypotrachyna horrescens
Parmelia hypotropoides Nyl. 1874 = Hypogymnia vittata
Parmelia incolorata = Melanelixia glabratula
Parmelia laetevirens = Melanelixia glabratula
Parmelia minarum = Hypotrachyna minarum
Parmelia obscurascens (Bitter) Zahlbr. 1929 = Hypogymnia austerodes
Parmelia perrugata Nyl. 1885 = Xanthoparmelia perrugata
Parmelia saxatilis
Add CRE
Parmelia sbarbaronis = Parmotrema carneopruinatum
Parmelia serrana
Add A, FIN, RUS, and UA
Lit.: Thell & Moberg (Reference Thell and Moberg2011), Stenroos et al. (Reference Stenroos, Ahti, Lohtander and Myllys2001).
Parmelia submontana
Add EST and NL
Parmelia sulcata
Add JM
Parmelina atricha (Nyl.) P. Clerc Reference Clerc and Truong2008
E, F, CH
Note: The Spanish record is based on a recent collection (Spain: Girona: Espinavell, road to Setcases, 42o22′55″N 2o23′19″E, alt. 1307 m, on slates, 23 xi 2010, A. Crespo et al., MAF-Lich 16633). It was also recollected in or near the original locality (France: Pyrénées-Orientales: La Preste, road to Le Fourquets, 42o24′59″N 2o24′51″E, alt. 1392 m, on slates, 23 xi 2010, A. Crespo et al., MAF-Lich 16634).
Lit.: Clerc & Truong (Reference Clerc and Truong2008).
Parmelina carporrhizans
Add CH, and CRE
Parmelina cryptotiliacea A. Crespo & Núñez-Zapata 2011
E
Lit.: Núñez-Zapata et al. (Reference Núñez-Zapata, Divakar, Del-Prado, Cubas, Hawksworth and Crespo2011)
Parmelina pastillifera
Add CRE
Parmelina quercina
Add CRE, DK (extinct), and NL (extinct)
Note: In typifying the name Lichen quercinus Willd. 1787, Argüello et al. (Reference Argüello, Crespo and Hawksworth2007) designated a neotype from Germany and a sequenced epitype from Spain, rather than selecting the illustration published by Willdenow (Reference Willdenow1787: pl. 7 fig. 13) as lectotype, as that was not sufficiently diagnostic to fix the application of the name. However, as an illustration was available, under Art. 9.2 Note 2, that is considered part of the original material and so should have been selected despite its shortcomings. It had been anticipated that the Code might be modified to preclude the forcing of the use of such inadequate illustrations, but no such proposal was made in time for the upcoming International Botanical Congress. We therefore now formally designate Willdenow's fig. 13 as lectotype for this name (lectotypus hic designatus). It is also necessary to formally designate as epitype for Willdenow's illustration the sequenced specimen (Spain: Comunidad de Madrid: Aldea del Fresno, alt. 483 m, on Quercus rotundifolia, 7 iii 2003, A. Argüello et al., MAF-Lich 13946 – epitypus hic designatus). The German specimen (B 60 0033509) consequently has no status as a nomenclatural type.
Parmelina tiliacea
Add CRE
Parmelinopsis = Hypotrachyna
Note: We previously noted that this genus was perhaps best included within Hypotrachyna (Hawksworth et al. Reference Hawksworth, Blanco, Divakar, Ahti and Crespo2008). Subsequent molecular studies have shown that the European species retained in Parmelinopsis belong in the same clade as other Hypotrachyna species with adpressed thalli such as H. revoluta (Crespo et al. Reference Crespo, Kauff, Divakar, del Prado, Pérez-Ortega, Amo de Paz, Ferencova, Blanco, Roca-Valiente and Núñez-Zapata2010). We therefore treat all these species in Hypotrachyna here. In doing this, we recognize that subgeneric status might eventually prove to be appropriate for the Parmelinopsis clade, but consider that decision should be deferred pending an analysis of additional Hypotrachyna species.
Parmelinopsis afrorevoluta = Hypotrachyna afrorevoluta
Parmelinopsis cryptochlora = Hypotrachyna cryptochlora
Parmelinopsis dissecta = Hypotrachyna horrescens
Parmelinopsis horrescens = Hypotrachyna horrescens
Parmelinopsis minarum = Hypotrachyna minarum
Parmelinopsis subfatiscens (Kurok.) Elix & Hale 1987 = Hypotrachyna subfatiscens
Parmeliopsis ambigua
Add GR
Parmeliopsis hyperopta
Add GR, NL (extinct), and SV
Parmotrema carneopruinatum (Zahlbr.) D. Hawksw. Reference Hawksworth2011
F, I
Lit.: Hawksworth (Reference Hawksworth2011).
Parmotrema crozalsianum (de Lesd. ex Harm.) D. Hawksw. Reference Hawksworth2011
AZO, E, EC, F, I, MAD, P
Note: Molecular sequence data show that this species is not congeneric with the type species of Canoparmelia, C. texana (Tuck.) Hale & Elix 1987, but rather is a sister group to the main part of the Parmotrema (incl. Rimelia) clade (Blanco et al. Reference Blanco, Crespo, Divakar, Elix and Lumbsch2005; Crespo et al. Reference Crespo, Kauff, Divakar, del Prado, Pérez-Ortega, Amo de Paz, Ferencova, Blanco, Roca-Valiente and Núñez-Zapata2010).
Lit.: Hawksworth (Reference Hawksworth2011).
Parmotrema hypoleucinum
Add TR
Parmotrema perlatum
Delete EST (extinct)
Notes: Add “The material reported from EST has been re-identified as Cetrelia olivetorum”.
Parmotrema pseudoreticulatum
Add GB, NL
Parmotrema reticulatum
Add RUS and TR
Parmotrema stuppeum
Add NL and RUS
Pleurosticta acetabulum
Add SRBI
Pseudevernia furfuracea
Add CRE
Punctelia borreri
Add RUS and SRBI
Punctelia jeckeri
Add S (extinct)
Punctelia reddenda
Delete S
Notes: Add “The report from S was based on a mixture of Platismatia glauca and Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla.”
Punctelia rudecta (Ach.) Krog 1982
RUS (?)
Note: Reported from the Caucasus, and also certainly known in southern Siberia.
Lit.: Urbanavichus (Reference Urbanavichus2010).
Punctelia stictica
Add GRO
Punctelia subrudecta
Add EST (extinct) and S
Xanthoparmelia conspersa
Add CRE and FO
Xanthoparmelia delisei
Add CRE and EST
Xanthoparmelia felkaensis
Add RUS
Lit.: Urbanavichus (Reference Urbanavichus2010).
Xanthoparmelia glabrans
Add CRE and MAD
Xanthoparmelia halei
Add MAD
Xanthoparmelia loxodes
Add CRE
Xanthoparmelia perezdepazii Pérez-Vargas et al. Reference Pérez-Vargas, Hernández-Padrón and Elix2007
EC
Lit.: Pérez-Vargas et al. (Reference Pérez-Vargas, Hernández-Padrón and Elix2007).
Xanthoparmelia perrugata
Add F, FIN, GR, H, IRE, ROM, RUS, SK
Lit.: Thell & Moberg (Reference Thell and Moberg2011), Skult (Reference Skult1993).
Xanthoparmelia plitii
Add FIN (?) and RUS
Lit.: Skult (Reference Skult1990) and Urbanavichus (Reference Urbanavichus2010).
Xanthoparmelia pokornyi
Add CRE and delete RUS
Note: Records from RUS are from the Asian part of the country.
Xanthoparmelia protomatrae
Add GR, NL
Xanthoparmelia pulla
Add CRE, and delete GRO
Xanthoparmelia stenophylla
Add CRE, DK, and NL (extinct)
Xanthoparmelia tinctina
Add AZO, CRE, and NL
Xanthoparmelia verrucigera
Add CRE, and TR
Xanthoparmelia verruculifera
Add EST, GR, and MAD
We are grateful to Bernard F. M. Abbott, Jarle W. Bjerke, Philippe Clerc, Per Magnus Jørgensen, Bruce McCune, Tiina Randlane, Leo Spier, and Arne Thell for drawing our attention to various additions and corrections. This study has been supported financially by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (CGL2008-01125-E/BOS, CGL2007-64652/BOS, and CGL 2008-01600), and Ramón y Cajal grant (RYC02007-01576) to P. K. D.
