This collection of essays is concerned with the impact of the Great Schism on the religious life of Rome and on those parts of Latin Christendom that acknowledged the Roman popes, while not excluding comparisons with the obedience of the rival popes at Avignon. Its scope is wider and more diverse than the title suggests, if ‘religious’ is taken in the strict sense of describing establishments and orders that followed a rule. Some contributions do indeed fall within this definition: Brian Patrick McGuire on the Cistercians, Benedicte Sère on the Dominicans, Emanuele Carletti on the Servites, Ignacio García-Lascurain Bernstorff on the Hospitallers, Temu Immonen on the abbey of Tre Fontane and Andreas Rehberg on the hospital and order of Santo Spirito in Sassia. The volume begins with Joëlle Rollo Koster’s comparison of the development of civic government in Rome and Avignon. This essay in particular would have benefited from more careful editing. The paper by Armand Jamme begins with an analysis of a register listing obligations by prelates to pay common services to the chamber of the College of Cardinals. He goes on to consider wider questions, but in too cursory a fashion to reach conclusions that are likely to find widespread assent. Reima Välimäki, Kirsi Salonen and Juuso Karhu describe the principal categories of graces in favour of religious to be found in the registers of letters (here called ‘copybooks’) of the Roman pope Boniface ix. It is worth bearing in mind that the series used, the Lateran Registers, suffered substantial losses as a result of the move of the Vatican Archives to Paris by Napoleon. The authors deploy Social Network Analysis with reference to the names to those involved in provisions to ecclesiastical benefices, without however making clear, at least to this reader, what benefits such an approach brings. Two further essays must be mentioned: James A. Palmer on the secular clergy of Rome and Anna Esposito on the Jews of Rome. The secondary literature about the Great Schism is vast and scattered, and some of the authors are restrained in citing earlier writers, no doubt because they do not wish to overburden the footnotes with references. It seems to me that on occasion this restraint is excessive. It would, for instance, have been helpful in considering the areas contested between the French and English crowns, and thus between the obediences of Avignon and Rome (pp. 90, 101), to refer to Édouard Perroy’s classic study, L’Angleterre et le Grand Schisme d’Occident (Paris 1933), chapter iii, if only to elucidate the background. And it would be instructive to compare the register of the chamber of the cardinals mentioned above with the equivalent volume for the apostolic chamber, on which see Konrad Eubel, ‘Das Itinerar der Päpste zur Zeit des grossen Schismas’, Historisches Jahrbuch xvi (1895), 545–64.