The title of this book is deliberately provocative, even including the question mark. The authors are staunch advocates of the cause of Christian pacifism, and seek to show that Dietrich Bonhoeffer, in both his theology and his practice, was consistently committed to the same views throughout his life. They claim therefore that he had no part in the assassination attempt on Hitler's life in July 1944. They challenge the standard view, taken by his closest biographer, Eberhard Bethge, and by commentators such as Reinhold Niebuhr, that Bonhoeffer, as the threat of war became more ominous, changed his stance. Even though he was clearly opposed to many aspects of the Nazi regime, they argue, this did not lead him to advocate the violent overthrow of the regime or the murder of its leader. But, in fact, the surviving evidence is insufficient to tell us how deeply Bonhoeffer was involved in the conspiracy to kill Hitler. Bonhoeffer was imprisoned from April 1943, and therefore could have had no direct connection with the assassination attempt. His letters and papers from prison are necessarily silent on this matter. Several chapters of this book give a full description of Bonhoeffer's pacifist views, as derived from the Sermon on the Mount, but provide nothing new to this well-researched aspect of his career. But these authors' assertion that Bonhoeffer never abandoned his earlier pacifist views lacks corroboration from those who knew him best. Their final conclusions would seem to owe more to their strong pacifist convictions than to empirical historical evidence.