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Missing Pieces? SAAR Coverage and Its Role in Facility-Wide Antimicrobial Use Interpretation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 June 2026

Jenna Preusker
Affiliation:
Nebraska Medicine
M. Salman Ashraf
Affiliation:
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Trevor Van Schooneveld
Affiliation:
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Scott Bergman
Affiliation:
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Danny Schroeder
Affiliation:
Nebraska Medicine / Nebraska ASAP
Rabia Syed
Affiliation:
California Department of Public Health
Juan Teran Plasencia
Affiliation:
University of Nebraska Medical Center

Abstract

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Background: Antimicrobial stewardship programs use the NHSN standardized antimicrobial administration ratio (SAAR) to monitor antimicrobial use (AU) and direct activities, but only certain locations generate SAAR values. We explored the correlation between hospital SAAR coverage using days present (DP) and facility-wide AU measured in days of therapy per 1,000 days present (DOT/1,000DP). Methods: We included Nebraska hospitals reporting at least one adult location and at least six months of AU data that generated a SAAR during 7/2024-6/2025. We classified hospitals by bed size [large: <150, medium: 26–150, and critical access hospitals: ≤25]. Days present from SAAR eligible locations were divided by total facility DP to calculate the SAAR coverage proportion. We categorized hospitals in the upper third as having high SAAR coverage and those in the lower two-thirds as low SAAR coverage. We calculated Spearman correlation coefficients to evaluate the strength of the association between SAAR and AU rates in the high and low SAAR coverage groups. Results: Overall, 45 hospitals were included (median 25 beds, range 7-641) with large variability among total days present (473-228,051). Regarding SAAR coverage, 14 hospitals were classified as low coverage and 31 had high coverage (representing 47% and 83% of total DP, respectively), with an overall median SAAR coverage of 91% (Figure 1). When comparing the all-antimicrobial SAAR with the total AU rate of the top 14 antimicrobials, hospitals with low SAAR coverage showed weak correlation (? 0.163, p-value=0.57) compared to those with high coverage (? 0.901, p-value=<0.001) (Figure 2). Performance varied for other NHSN SAAR categories and AU rates in the low coverage group, with higher correlation between the GRAMPOS SAAR category and vancomycin DOT/1,000DP, and lower correlation between the BSHO SAAR category and the total AU rate of cefepime/piperacillin-tazobactam/meropenem use (Figure 3). Conclusion: In hospitals with low SAAR coverage, SAAR values may not accurately reflect overall facility-wide AU. This discrepancy is especially evident when evaluating overall antimicrobial use. We hypothesize that the weak correlation is likely a result of substantial AU in locations that do not generate a SAAR. We noted variation in AU rates in hospitals with similar SAAR values which may stem from the CDC’s predictive model although incomplete capture of antimicrobial use may be playing some role as well. These findings support CDC efforts to expand the SAAR to include new locations.

A table comparing hospital characteristics and antimicrobial usage across different levels of SAAR coverage.

Scatter plot showing antimicrobial SAAR values and usage rates stratified by high and low coverage.

A table showing the correlation of NHSN Facility-Wide SAAR and Antimicrobial Usage Rates.

Information

Type
Antibiotic Stewardship
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America