The survey of papal documents prior to the pontificate of Innocent iii (1198) initiated by Paul Kehr has resulted in two distinct types of publication. The Papsturkunden series (Papsturkunden in Italien, etc.) records the documents according to their location and prints those not included in Jaffé's Regesta Pontificum Romanorum. The Pontificia series (Italia Pontificia, etc.) calendars the documents in Latin, organising them by recipient. The present volume derives from a conference held in 2006 to mark the centenary of the publication of the first volume of Italia Pontificia, Italy being the furthest advanced of all the countries covered by the Pontificia series. The editors have succeeded in assembling an accomplished group of contributors. The result is a rather eclectic volume but one of an almost uniformly high standard. It commences with three introductions (Michael Mattheus and Raffaele Farina on the roles of the German Historical Institute in Rome and the Vatican Library respectively in Kehr's project, and Klaus Herbers, ‘Das Papsttum und die “vielen” Italien also Orbis Christianus?’). The next section, ‘Rom und die wechselnden politischen Kraftzentren Italiens’ contains two essays: Matthias Maser on the popes and the eastern emperors in the sixth century, and Guglielmo Cavallo, ‘Le influenze bizantine nei secoli ix e x tra Campania et Lazio’. ‘Rom und die Kirchen Italiens’ is the title of the following section, with contributions from Wolfgang Huschner (‘Benevent, Magdeburg, Salerno: das Papsttum und die neuen Erzbistümer in ottonischer Zeit’), Jean-Marie Martin (‘L'Italie méridionale), Maria Pia Alberzoni (‘Gli interventi della Chiesa di Roma nella provincia ecclesiastica milanese’), Jochen Johrendt (‘Italien als Empfängerlandschaft [1046–1198]: ein Vergleich aus der Perspektive des Urkundenalltags in Ligurien, Umbrien und Kalabrien’) and Dieter Girgensohn (‘Kehrs Regesta Pontificum Romanorum: Entsehung – wissenschaftler Ertrag – organisatorische Schwächen’, which might equally well have been placed with the introductory essays). The section ‘Nichturkundliche Überlieferung – eine undankbare Nachlese?’ is the most substantial and contains Rudolf Schieffer, ‘Die päpstlichen Register vor 1198’; Lotte Kéry, ‘Kanonessammlungen als Fundorte für päpstliche Schreiben’; Giulia Barone, ‘Tradizioni storiografiche e agiografiche: alcuni esempi’; Dietrich Lohrmann, ‘Berichte von der Kurie über den Erwerb umstrittener Prozessmandate und Privilegien (12.–13. Jahrhundert)’; Werner Maleczek, ‘Die Brüder des Papstes: Kardinäle und Schriftgut der Kardinäle’; Sebastian Scholz, ‘Epigraphische Zeugnisse der Päpste in Rom: ein Desiderat der Italia Pontificia?’; Tommaso di Carpegna Falconieri, ‘Osservazioni sulle edizioni dei documenti romani dei secoli ix–xii, con particolare riferimento alla storia ecclesiastica’; Hubert Houben, ‘Auf den Spuren mittelalterlicher Urkunden in neuzeitlicher Überlieferung: Beispiele aus Süditalien’; and Rudolf Hiestand, ‘Verborgene Schätze: nichtitalienische Stücke in den Papsturkunden in Italien’. The final section concerns the international religious orders: Rinaldo Comba, ‘I monachi bianchi e il papato in Italia: caratteri e metamorfosi delle identità e idealità cistercensi nella prima metà del xii secolo’; Mario Sensi, ‘Movimenti riformatori nell'Italia centrale’; Kristjan Tommaspoeg, ‘L’Italia Pontificia e le vicende degli ordini religioso-militari nella Penisola’; and Rudolf Hiestand, ‘Die Italia Pontificia und das Kreuzzugsgeschehen’. This collection of essays represents a major contribution to our understanding of the papacy and the Italian Church in the early and high Middle Ages. It provides ample evidence of the value – as well as the limitations – of Kehr's programme, and it is a fitting testimony to the great richness of the documentation assembled in the ten volumes of Italia Pontificia.