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Device Stewardship in Community Emergency Departments: Epidemiology of Unnecessary Indwelling Urinary Catheter Placement

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 June 2026

Jennifer Cihlar
Affiliation:
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Tom Talbot
Affiliation:
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
Steven Katz
Affiliation:
Vanderbilt Wilson County Hospital

Abstract

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Background: Device stewardship is an important infection prevention opportunity for catheter-associated urinary tract infection reduction. This starts with the avoidance of initial catheter placement without definitive clinical need, especially with the option of alternative of non-invasive foley devices for both male and female anatomy. Urinary catheter placement in the Emergency Department (ED) is an area of opportunity where catheter placement could be avoided in favor of non-invasive management. This study assessed potential unnecessary catheter placement in a community hospital-based ED with a focus on ED-placed urinary catheters removed within 24 hours of admission. Methods: All patient encounters with an indwelling urinary catheter placed in 3 community hospital EDs from May 20, 2024 through September 29, 2025 were included. Encounters for patients who required chronic urinary catheterization (defined as the presence of a urinary catheter for ≥ 45 days) who had catheter replacement in the ED were excluded. The frequency of possible unnecessary catheter placement was defined as the number of catheters removed within 24 hours out of the total encounters. A subset of charts for encounters with a possible unnecessary catheter placed were reviewed to assess for commonalities to guide quality improvement. Results: During the study period, across all 3 facilities, 27.7% (385/1391) of urinary catheters placed in the ED were removed within 24 hours with a similar frequency at each individual facility (Hospital 1 = 24.6% (82/334), Hospital 2 = 24.9% (121/486), Hospital 3 = 31.9% (182/571)). The monthly frequency of possible unnecessary catheter placement ranged between 12.5% to 48.4% (Figure 1). Based on chart review, several common themes were noted, including placement in patients with altered mental status without hemodynamic instability and in patients with brief transient hemodynamic instability weaned from low dose inotropic medications and ventilation within 24 hours of admission. A clinical decision-making tool was created targeting recurrent scenarios that might warrant catheter avoidance (Figure 2). Discussion: ED placement of urinary catheters that were quickly removed by clinical teams upon admission was common across 3 community-based hospitals, highlighting possible unnecessary placement upon evaluation by the inpatient teams. A proposed clinical decision tool was created to help guide physicians in the reasoning behind the perceived need for catheter placement in the ED versus waiting to evaluate clinical need upon admission based upon patient course and failure of alternative methods for urine output management.

A line graph showing the frequency of possibly unnecessary placement of urinary catheters in emergency departments.

A flowchart illustrating the decision-making process for placing an indwelling urinary catheter in the emergency department.

Information

Type
CAUTI
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America