This copiously researched study of magic in the Aragonese city of Saragossa in the early modern period explains why almost all such prosecutions in the city were for various forms of magic, whereas the related crime of witchcraft remained essentially a rural phenomenon. Tausiet distinguishes between the practice of magic by literate men, who often invoked demons to help find buried treasure, and love magic, which was practised mainly by illiterate women. The practitioners of both types of magic were usually poor immigrants, who were eager to reestablish a new identity in the city or escape prosecution for witchcraft in the countryside. There was a distinctly commercial quality to the practice of magic in the city, not least among the male healers and witch-finders, many of whom were charlatans. Tausiet's study of the formulae used by magicians in Saragossa reveals the interaction of magic and religion, both of which were considered means of gaining access to the supernatural world. No less significant is the author's discussion of the attitude of the Spanish Inquisition in Aragon, which became more concerned with the possibility that magicians had acted fraudulently than that they were guilty of heresy. The most noteworthy feature of the Inquisition was its relative leniency in prescribing punishments for magic-related crimes in Saragossa. In dealing with witchcraft, Aragonese Inquisitors had arrived at the position, much earlier than judges in other parts of Europe, that the crime of witchcraft was impossible to prove.
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