This volume brings together a facsimile of Charles Jourdain's meticulous 1859 study of the French budget for religious affairs, Le Budget des cultes en France, depuis le Concordat de 1801 jusqu'à nos jours, and the proceedings of a 2006 workshop centred on this little known but invaluable source. State subsidy of religious worship was one of the lesser-known products of the negotiations behind the 1801 Concordat between France and Rome. Where revolutionary government had seized the property of the Catholic Church and dispersed its personnel, the Napoleonic state arranged to fund its ministers and maintain its edifices. Claude Langlois suggests that this material recognition proved ‘indispensable’, both for the reconstruction of the Church, and as a guarantee of its recognition by the State. Yet such funds were not only destined for the Catholic Church. André Encrevé and Philippe Landau examine the budget's significance for Protestant and Jewish minorities, together allocated just under five per cent of available resources, while Philippe Delisle investigates its ramifications in French colonies such as Algeria, where Islamic worship was also subsidised. The eight papers collected here mine Jourdain's work to chart the changing relationship between politics and religion in nineteenth-century France. Together they show how the budget served as a political instrument that allowed the state to protect, but also monitor and control religious worship until the 1905 separation of Church and State and the budget's suppression. Nadine Gastaldi's contribution on relevant sources in the Archives nationales provides welcome guidance for researchers in the area.