This small monograph is not best read alone. It is more complex than its size would indicate and lively debate of the analyses is needed. At one level, Smith focuses on a non-controversial reality: science and the technology development/diffusion that are associated with it are inextricably linked with the larger processes of economic, political, and social change – for good or ill. The East Asian Tigers demonstrate that differing patterns of successful economic development can result from different approaches to the use of science and technology. The scientists who drove toward the Green Revolution, by contrast, did not anticipate negative consequences. Smith's real interests, however, lie in plumbing the historical depths of science and technology. Using a wide variety of cases, he shows that those investing in (or promoting, or governing) science, technology development and the diffusion of technology often get it wrong. (‘Wrong’ is defined in terms of creating greater inequities or divides, not achieving intended economic impacts or posing risks to environmental sustainability.) He highlights inter alia: unwarranted assumptions about the universality of scientific techniques (the Green Revolution), questionable motives (supporting one group in favour of another, SR-52), poor analysis (DDT, telecentres in Tanzania), simplistic political objectives (biofuels) and unbridled competitive interests (GMOs). While he makes clear the fascination and challenge of ‘understanding the real, integral role science and technology can play in development’, one cannot but help catch a feeling of pessimism about the probability that development professionals, policymakers, private investors and even scientists will ever get it ‘right’.