Daryn Henry, a postdoctoral research associate in the University of Virginia's Department of Religious Studies, has contributed another worthy entry to the growing field of deeply researched, intellectual-spiritual biographies of Evangelical luminaries. His book draws upon ample denominational and other periodicals, archival material and original treatises. It proceeds in eleven chapters, organised chronologically and thematically, and includes ten photographs, as well as a helpful table of congregational data for Simpson's two main pastorates. Henry portrays the Canadian Presbyterian-turned-founder of the American-based Christian and Missionary Alliance (CMA) as an exemplar of and contributor to modern Evangelicalism. In delineating ‘Evangelicalism’, Henry cites David Bebbington's quadrilateral but adds ‘trans-denominationalism’ as a key characteristic of the movement which Simpson's ministry epitomised. Rather than an innovator, Simpson was, according to Henry, a harmoniser and populariser of theological ideas and spiritual impulses present in late nineteenth-century conservative Evangelicalism. The emphasis on revivalism, premillennialism, holiness, divine healing and global evangelism promulgated by Dwight Moody, A. J. Gordon and A. T. Pierson converged in the CMA's ‘Fourfold Gospel’: Christ as saviour, sanctifier, healer and coming king. A balanced historian, Henry does not omit Simpson's flaws, including, for instance, the episode when his desire to do God's will and to rely on ‘faith’ alone for finances created household strife. Henry quotes diary entries revealing Simpson's harsh spiritual judgement of his wife, when she reacted bitterly to Simpson's decision to move his young family from a relatively comfortable pastorate in Kentucky to the expensive, hectic metropolis of New York City. Like his peers who were proclaiming the Fundamentals in the face of theological liberalism and world war, Henry argues, Simpson's final twenty years (he died in 1919) were caught between premillennial expectation of Christ's imminent return and an increased engagement with a secularising culture. To demonstrate this, Henry concludes his study with a fascinating analysis of Simpson's foray into ‘moral politics’ (Henry's term), beginning with his interpretation of American expansionism after the Spanish-American War as God's providential opening for missions, as well as his wholehearted support for temperance and prohibition. Complementing Charles Nienkirchen's study of Simpson and Pentecostalism, Henry has provided a well-supported, engaging, nuanced biography which deftly situates Simpson in his historical moment.
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