Achaemenid Empire  7–8, 84, 105–6, 112, 126

Aegina  14, 91

Aeschines Socraticus  4

Agamemnon  24, 85, 107

Agesilaus  10, 59–60, 65, 129

Campaign in Asia Minor  8, 14–15, 18, 100–1, 103, 127

Campaign in Greece  88, 91

Piety  93–4

Style of kingship  110–5,

Akrasia  17

Alcibiades  16, 44, 51, 111

As student of Socrates  53, 75–6

Return from exile  21–2, 66

Alexander the Great  129–30

Anachronism  10, 57

Anaxagoras  53–4

Ancestral constitution see patrios politeia

Andocides  35

Animals  24, 42, 49, 107–8

Baggage  90

Images of womanhood 30, 34, 38

Opposed to human  55, 118

Antiphon  21

Antisthenes  16, 21, 30, 37, 41, 42, 106

Appetites  39, 43–4, 92–3

Control of  17, 53, 55–6, 90

Araspas  22–3, 121–2

Arginusae

Battle  66–7

Trial  51, 66–9

Aristippus  8, 16, 20, 40–1, 51–2, 75, 106

As hedonist  62–4

Aristophanes  76 n63

Clouds  42

Wasps  35

Aristotle  17, 26, 52, 73, 128

On kingship  107, 110–1, 124

On slavery  39

On women  38

On friendship  41, 48

Armies   84–104

see also Cavalry, hoplites

Encampments  84–6

Provisioning  90, 95, 103

Training  94–100

Arrian of Nicomedia  129–30

Artaxerxes II  7–8, 87

Askēsis  18

Aspasia  4, 32

Assyrians  87, 109

Astyages  110, 112–3, 120–1

Athens  21–2, 95–6

Acropolis  79

Agora  46, 54, 75

Assembly  5, 47, 61, 67–8, 69–71, 73, 76, 83

Council  67–8, 72

Economy  6, 9, 33, 46–7, 80–2

Law courts  64–5, 74–5

Military  95–6, 97–8

Long Walls  70

Piraeus  16, 21–2, 59, 64, 70, 79, 83

Silver mines  39, 41, 82

Authority  94, 105, 109–11, 113–4, 122–3

Babylon  51, 115

Barbarians see non-Greeks

Barker, William  132

Basilikē technē  16, 27, 63, 105–8

Battles

Aegospotami  69

Arginusae  6, 22, 66–7, 88

Chaeronea  83

Coronea  8, 88

Cunaxa  7, 15, 86–7, 89, 105

Leuctra  9, 60, 65

Mantinea (362)  9

Bees  34

Bessarion, Cardinal  131

Boeotia  10, 95–6

Bysshe, Edward  133

Callias  16, 44–5

Cambyses  48, 57–8, 108–9, 112–3, 117–8

Cavalry  46, 73, 80, 85, 96–7, 100–1, 109

Centaurs  100

Civil war see stasis

Chaerecrates  41–2

Chaerephon  41–2

Charis  18–19, 42, 49, 78, 116–7, 121

Charisma  110, 113

Charmides  16, 47–8, 64, 79

Cheirisophus  91

Children  29–30, 38

Chrysantas  78, 99–100

Chrysilla  35–6

Cicero  4, 20, 128–9

Cinadon  59, 65

Citizenship  11–12, 18, 39, 41–3, 46–7, 51

Household leadership  26–8

Civil war see stasis

Clearchus  15, 91–2

Cleocritus  6, 24, 79

Consent  107

Constitutions  57–61

Typologies  123

Corcyra  101–2

Corinth  9, 70, 88

Cosmetics  36–7, 120

cosmos    17, 54, 77, 108

household as  27–8

courage  9, 88–9, 93, 115, 120

craft  33, 75

Crates  28

Critias  12, 13–14, 44, 53, 72–3, 79

Crito  31, 71

Critobulus  5, 31–2, 37

Croesus  12, 109–10, 116, 122–3

Ctesias  87, 89, 115

Cyaxares  19, 98, 119–20

Cynicism  28

Cyreans see the Ten Thousand

Cyrenaics  16, 62

Cyrus the Great  8, 12, 13, 129

Youth  19, 57

As exemplar  131–2

As military leader 22–3, 78, 84–6, 93, 97–100

As monarch  15, 106, 109–14, 116–22

On distribution  19, 78, 98–9

Cyrus the Younger  7, 84, 105–6, 128–9

Death of  86–7, 89

Deception  19, 55, 92, 116–20

Delphi  8, 57–8, 61, 79, 123

Demetrius of Phalerum  20

Democracy  6–7, 34, 47–8, 65–9, 98–9, 126

Instability  51–2, 61

Tyranny of the majority  76

Demos  51–2, 67–8

Diodorus (son of Xenophon)  8

Diodorus Siculus  13, 14, 89 n16, 101 n47

Diogenes Laertius   3–4, 15–16, 20

Dionysodorus  95

Distribution see equality

Divination  89, 93–4, 108–9

Dokimasia  29

Economics  6, 26, 33–4, 41, 58, 80–3

Education  46, 52–7, 92

Athenian  4–5, 29, 52, 61, 94–5

Modern  133–4

Persian    52–3, 107

Spartan  52–3, 107

Elenchus  56

Eleusinian Mysteries  6, 79

Elites  3, 5, 11, 58–61, 61–5, 75, 78

Education  26, 43–4, 52–3

Political role  48–50, 51–2, 61–5, 67, 71, 80–2

Empire    107, 115–7

enkrateia  17, 55, 121

Epaminondas of Thebes  9, 14

Epimeleia  18, 34, 136

Equality  19, 78, 97–9

Arithmetic  78

Geometric  42, 78

eros  17, 44

Estate management 46–9

Ethics  15–8, 35, 61–5, 110, 121–2. 135–6

Eubulus  81–2

eudaimonia  63, 107–8

Eugenics  38

Eunapius of Sardis  130

Eunuchs  116, 121–2

Euripides  31

Euryptolemus  22, 67–9

Euthydemus  54–6

Exemplarity  13–15, 66, 91–4, 106, 113–4

Family  18, 28, 41–2, 52, 81

In monarchy  105

Farming  37, 46–9, 133

Festivals  79–80, 124–5

Apaturia  67

Gymnopaidiai  65

Panathenaia  79, 97

Plynteria  21–2

Fielding, Sarah  132

Filelfo, Francesco  131

Food  6, 29–33, 97, 106, 111, 114

Foucault, Michel  135–6

Franklin, Benjamin  133

Freedom  55, 58, 70, 72, 87, 114

And enslavement  39

And participation  62–4

And tyranny  124–5

Friendship (philia)  18, 41–5, 125

Monetary value of  42

Gender  28–38

And appearance  113–4

And monarchy    120–2

Generalship  51, 84–5, 95–6

Glaucon  16, 80–1

Gods  34, 53–4, 68, 74, 77–9, 87, 93–4, 108–11

Apollo  109–10

Artemis  8, 94

Athena  21–2, 79

Gorgias of Leontini  4–5

Gryllus (Xenophon's father)  4, 129

Gryllus (Xenophon's son)  8, 9

Hegemony  126–7

Heracles  111, 130

Choice of Heracles  5, 16, 29, 62–4, 130, 132, 135

Hermocrates  66

Hermogenes  7

Herodotus  12, 57, 109–10, 115–6, 121–3

Hesiod  26

Hetairai  23 n84, 28, 37

Hieron of Syracuse  16, 122–6

Hipparchia  28

Hippias of Elis  16, 61, 76–8

Historiography  12–15, 23

Homer  12, 21, 84–5

Iliad  34, 107

Odyssey  102

Shepherd analogy in  24, 107–8

Homonoia  51–2, 61

Homosexuality  26, 41

Homosociality  26, 41–5

Honour  51–3, 78, 81, 92, 97, 117

hoplites  73, 97–101

Horses  30, 32, 46

Horsemanship  4, 46, 49

Training  30, 96–7, 101

Household  26-50

Hunting  4, 43, 49–50, 106, 120, 129–30

Subsistence  49–50

As military training  53, 58–9

Imperialism  134

Inequality  52

Interpolations  60–61

Iphicrates  102

Ischomachus  26, 32–6, 46–8, 80

Isocrates  11, 71, 110, 124, 127

Jason of Pherae  14, 91

Jefferson, Thomas  133

Justice  16, 29, 53, 59–60, 67–8, 118, 120–1, 124

In Athens  6, 73–8

Kairos  93, 99, 119

kaloi kagathoi   3, 26, 44, 46–50, 92, 122

karteria  18

kingship see monarchy

knowledge  46, 63, 55, 108–9

monarchic  114, 116–20, 124, 128

women and  26, 31–4, 120–2

labour see ponos

Laconophilia  101

Lamprocles  29–30

Law  35, 73–8, 117

Natural    77

unwritten  74, 76–8

written  77–8, 117

leadership  18, 27, 116–20

Socratic  89–90

In democracy  51, 52–3

Military  84–5

Love  4, 43–5, 125–6

Lycon  44

Lycurgus (Spartan lawgiver)  11, 15, 38, 52, 57, 65

Lycurgus (Athenian politician)  81, 83

Lysander  15, 66, 70, 112, 116

Macedon  83, 123

Machiavelli, Niccolò  118 n43, 131–2, 135

Management  19, 31, 39, 47–50, 62, 80

Estate  27–8, 128–9

Studies  135

Mandane  59, 105, 120–1

Mania  105, 122

Marriage  4, 26-38, 115, 121

Medes  19, 87, 112–3, 115, 119, 120–1

Meno of Thessaly  15, 91–3

Mercenaries  7, 89, 96–7, 101–2, 125

Metics  82, 97

Mētis  117–20

Mining see silver

Mnasippus  101–2

Monarchy  58, 105–26

And the divine  93–4

Seclusion  115

Self-presentation  114–5, 120–1

Shepherding analogy  24, 106–8

Motherhood  29–30, 54

Nicias  4, 41

Niebuhr, Berthold Georg  10, 13, 15

Nomos

And physis  34

Non-Greek peoples  102–4

Oaths  10, 68, 79, 92

Obligation  57–8, 62–3, 116

Odysseus  118

‘Old Oligarch’ see [Xenophon]

Oligarchy  6, 65

Athens (411/10)  69–71, 73

Athens (404/3)  6–7, 13, 53, 65–6, 69–73, 74

Oracles  79, 109–10, 123

Order  26–8, 85–6

Orientalism  87, 115

paradeigma see exemplarity

Panhellenism  103–4, 127

Pantheia  22–23, 87, 105, 120–2

Participation, political  62–4

Pederasty  5, 41–4, 92–3

Performance  30

Pericles  4, 16, 32, 43, 51, 60, 126

As Alcibiades’ guardian  75–7

Pericles junior  10, 60, 67, 80, 95–6

Persia  110–6, 127

In Peloponnesian War  5–6

Decline  61

Education  57

Military  86–7

Persians  18

Pharnabazus  112, 122

Pheraulas  78, 99–100

Philosophy  3

Analytic  19–20

And personal life  28–30

Philostratus of Athens  130

philotimia  116–7

Phlius  86

phusis  34

piety  9, 29, 69, 93–4, 114

Piraeus  16, 83

Plato  3, 21, 24, 48, 105–9

Alcibiades  124

Euthydemus  105

Gorgias  63

Laws  53, 109

Lysis   16, 43–4

Phaedo  29

Protagoras  17

Republic  11, 17, 53, 63, 66, 108, 117, 124

Statesman  105, 108, 128

Symposium  10–11, 16–17, 44

Defending Socrates  29

Principle of specialisation  34

And women  38

Pleasure  37, 39–41, 44, 62–4, 91, 124–5

Plutarch   130

Politeia  11-12, 51, 57–61, 110–6

Athenian  60, 66, 72–3

Patrios politeia  60–1, 65, 71

Persian  57–9, 74, 112

Spartan  11-12, 15, 28, 38, 57, 59–60, 65, 74, 111

Polybius  13, 23

Ponos  39, 46–7, 49, 113

Women and  30–33, 38

poverty  46–7, 127

power  2, 8, 19, 59, 62–4, 71

of law  76

of monarchs  105, 110

Prodicus of Ceos  5, 64

Prostitution see sex work

Proxenus of Boeotia  5, 15, 91–2

pseudo-Xenophon see [Xenophon]

punishment  35, 51, 58–9, 62, 78, 106

quietism  47, 64, 80, 112, 130

realpolitik  72, 132

Religion  22, 78–80, 113–4

Rhetoric  5, 12, 24

Battle speeches  87

Russell, Bertrand  19

Sacrifice  8–9, 94, 96

Scillous  8–9, 94

Scipio Africanus  129

Self-control  17, 43–5, 55, 121–2, 135–6

Semonides  34

Seuthes  7

Sex work  33, 37, 43

Sexuality  26, 28, 36–7, 135–6

Appetites  40, 44–5, 103, 115

Sexual impropriety  23, 92–3

Sicilian Expedition  5, 21

Silius Italicus  130

Silver mining  39, 41, 82

Simonides  16, 123–6

Slavery  39–41

Enslaved workers  18, 34, 39, 82

As managers  39, 41

As political metaphor  24, 62

As moral metaphor  44, 55–6

Physical restraint of  40

Socrates  10, 20, 26

Daimonion  54, 74

As citizen  68, 74–5

As educator  5, 8, 45, 52–7, 61–5, 74, 96

Family life of  28–30

On leadership  84–5, 106–7, 135–6

Methodology  20, 125

Religious practice  53–4, 74–5

Socratic dialogue  15–20

Socratics  4, 7, 11, 21, 37, 106

Sophists  56–7

Sophrosune  17, 55–6

Sparta  5, 7–8, 21, 126–7

Constitution  35, 38

Education  8, 52–3, 95–6

Impiety  80

Military  93–4, 98, 100–2

Social arrangements  28, 38, 48, 57

Kingship  65, 93–4, 110–5

Ephors  65, 111

Spectacle  88

Stasis  6–7, 33, 61, 64, 65–7, 74, 78–9, 86

Sterne, Laurence  133

Strauss, Leo  19, 55, 134–5

Straussians  3, 19, 77 n65, 117

Symposia  30, 37, 44–5, 49

Syracuse  126

Taxation  82

taxis  17, 27–8, 35, 85

Teleutias  14–15, 91

Ten Thousand  12, 85–6, 94, 103–4, 130

Textiles  33, 36–7

Thebes  70, 80, 88

Sacred band  45

Themistocles  43

Theodote  28, 37–8, 43, 134

Theramenes  6, 60, 67, 69–73

Thibron  7–8

Thrasybulus  6, 67

Thrasymachus  63–4

Thucydides  3, 12, 13, 21–2, 60, 66, 73

Melian dialogue  126

Sicilian expedition  21, 69–70

Timotheus  51

Tissaphernes  7–8, 15

Tragedy  30, 31

Tyranny  76, 116, 122–6

Vice  92

Embodied  62–4

Virtue  36–7, 92, 106, 132

Embodied  62–4

Monarchic  114

Vlastos, Gregory  134

Wars

Corinthian  8, 88–9

Peloponnesian  3–6, 63, 65–71, 126–7

Social  9, 82

Trojan  57

Weaving  36–7

Women  29–38, 120–2

As managers  32–3

As wives  28

At home  31–8

Xanthippe  29–30

Xenophon

As exile  8, 62, 81, 89

As historian  12–15

Language  20–24, 88, 134

As leader  89–90

Life  3–11

Philosophy  15–20, 110-120

Politics  6–7

Reception of  128–36

Religion  9, 89

Writing career  10–12, 60

[Xenophon]

Constitution of the Athenians  11, 23