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Global Conjunctures and the Remaking of European Political History

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2022

Sebastian Conrad
Sebastian Conrad*
Affiliation:
Freie Universität Berlin sebastian.conrad@fu-berlin.de
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Abstract

Over the past decades, the writing of European history—in both its incarnations, as the history of Europe and as the histories of nations in Europe—has seen fundamental transformations. Though it has been adapted in different ways, the global turn has deeply affected the his- toriography produced in many European countries. On the one hand, crucial watersheds of European history have been reinterpreted as part of larger configurations, and as responses to global challenges. On the other, it is now clear that Europe’s claim to unity and cohesion was reinforced, not least, by observers from without. In the late nineteenth century, in societies across Latin America, Africa, and Asia, contemporaries began to refer to a “Europe” that II was less a specific location than a product of the imagination; the result less of geography or culture than of global geopolitics. What emerges, then, is an understanding of the history of the continent that places it firmly in the context of global conjunctures and repeated moments of re-territorialization.

Au cours des dernières décennies, l’écriture de l’histoire européenne – qu’il s’agisse de l’his- toire de l’Europe ou de celle des pays d’Europe – a connu des transformations fondamentales. Le tournant global, bien qu’il ait été adapté de différentes manières, a profondément affecté l’historiographie produite dans de nombreux pays européens. D’une part, des moments charnières de l’histoire européenne ont été réinterprétés comme parties prenantes de confi- gurations plus larges et comme réponses aux défis mondiaux. D’autre part, il est désormais clair que la prétention de l’Europe à l’unité et à la cohésion a été renforcée notamment par des observateurs extérieurs. À la fin du xixe siècle, dans les sociétés d’Amérique latine, d’Afrique et d’Asie, les contemporains ont commencé à se référer à une « Europe » qui était moins un lieu spécifique qu’un produit de l’imagination, autrement dit, qui résultait moins de la géographie ou de la culture que de la géopolitique mondiale. Il ressort de tout cela une compréhension de l’histoire du continent qui ancre fermement celui-ci dans le contexte de conjonctures mondiales et de moments répétés de re-territorialisation.

Information

Type
European History after the Global Turn
Information
Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales - English Edition , Volume 73 , Issue 3 , September 2018 , pp. 405 - 418
Copyright
© Éditions de l’EHESS 2022

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Footnotes

This article was originally published in French as “Conjonctures mondiales : la nouvelle fabrique de l’histoire politique européenne,” Annales HSS 76, no. 4 (2021): 685–700.

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41. Important examples of this new scholarship include Quinn Slobodian, Foreign Front: Third World Politics in Sixties West Germany (Durham: Duke University Press, 2012); and Christoph Kalter, The Discovery of the Third World: Decolonization and the Rise of the New Left in France, c. 1950–1976 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016). See also Martin Klimke, The Other Alliance: Student Protest in West Germany and the United States in the Global Sixties (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010); Alexander C. Cook, ed., Mao’s Little Red Book: A Global History (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014); Timothy Scott Brown, West Germany and the Global Sixties: The Anti-Authoritarian Revolt, 1962–1978 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013); Samantha Christiansen and Zachary Scarlett, eds., The Third World in the Global 1960s (New York: Berghahn Books, 2013); Robert Gildea, James Mark, and Anette Warring, eds., Europe’s 1968: Voices of Revolt (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013); Quinn Slobodian, ed., Comrades of Color: East Germany in the Cold War World (New York: Berghahn Books, 2015); and Chen Jian et al., eds., The Routledge Handbook of the Global Sixties: Between Protest and Nation-Building (London: Routledge, 2018).

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46. Kiran Klaus Patel, “Germany and European Integration since 1945,” in The Oxford Handbook of Modern German History, ed. Helmut Walser Smith (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), 775–94; Peter Katzenstein, Tamed Power: Germany in Europe (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997); Mareike König and Matthias Schulz, eds., Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland und die europäische Einigung, 1949–2000. Politische Akteure, gesellschaftliche Kräfte und internationale Erfahrungen (Stuttgart: F. Steiner, 2004); Peter J. Katzenstein, A World of Regions: Asia and Europe in the American Imperium (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005); Martin Conway and Kiran Klaus Patel, eds., Europeanization in the Twentieth Century: Historical Approaches (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010).

47. Gurminder K. Bhambra, “Historical Sociology, Modernity, and Postcolonial Critique,” American Historical Review 116, no. 3 (2011): 653–62, here p. 662 (emphasis in the original). See also Bhambra, Connected Sociologies (London: Bloomsbury, 2014).

48. For a delineation of global history as a distinct approach, see Conrad, What Is Global History? 62–89; Romain Bertrand and Guillaume Calafat, “La microhistoire globale : affaire(s) à suivre,” Annales HSS 73, no. 1 (2018): 1–18; and Les Annales, “Les échelles du monde. Pluraliser, croiser, généraliser,” Annales HSS 75, no. 3/4 (2020): 465–92.

49. For a premature obituary, see Jeremy Adelman, “What Is Global History Now?” Aeon, March 2, 2017, https://aeon.co/essays/is-global-history-still-possible-or-has-it-had-its-moment. See also Richard Drayton and David Motadel, “Discussion: The Futures of Global History,” Journal of Global History 13, no. 1 (2018): 1–21.