This study takes another look at the famous Pfefferkorn affair by focusing on the approaches to understanding Jewish literature contained in the responses to Pfefferkorn's attempt to broadly censor Jewish books and learning. Shamir wishes to depart from earlier typifications of this conflict as a struggle between scholastics and humanists and identify different groupings whose response reflected their particular way of perceiving Jews and their learning. On the one hand he sees groups, such as the Imperial court, who responded based on administrative concerns—legal, bureaucratic, and political—rather than theological issues, or the town councils, who were concerned with the practical task of maintaining the civic order and situating Jews appropriately in their midst. Opposed to these more secular readings are those of the theological and scholarly experts, such as Pfefferkorn, or the various theological faculties, or Reuchlin, each of whom brought their own distinctive approach to reading the texts. In the end the study provides an interesting perspective from which to understand the matrix of intellectual and political forces that modulated responses to Judaism and Jewish writings in the first half of the sixteenth century. The book is clearly written, coherently argued, and, while brief, a substantial revisiting of a familiar historical episode. Scholars of Christian Hebraicism, humanism, and anyone interested in the intellectual context that framed the first half of sixteenth century on the European continent should find this a worthwhile study.