This is the 34th year that I have been monitoring participation by women at our Annual Meeting. These PS reports have documented the ascent of women in our profession. Considerable changes in the status of women in the profession have occurred since 1972 when I first did my tally of participation at our Annual Meeting. (Ex., the three most recent APSA presidents have all been women; a long way up from marginalization.)

As I've noted previously, where women head divisions or panels, there is a greater likelihood of other women being selected for program contributions. Again this year one of the two chairs of the Program Committee was female. In 2005, 15 of the 51 division persons were women (29.4%) (Cf., 1995: 38.8%; 1996: 30.06%; 1997: 37.3%; 1998: 36.2%; 1999: 42.9%; 2000: 36%; 2001: 35.4%; 2002: 39.2%; 2003: 48.1%; 2004: 45.6%). The divisions they headed had women as 33.2% (71 of 214) of the chairpersons, 30.1% (343 of 1140) of the papergivers, and 37.1% (87 of 287) of the discussants (Cf., 1995: 30.1%, 34.2%, 31.0%; 1996: 26.1%, 35.1%, 29.8%; 1997: 35.4%, 32.1%, 31.4%; 1998: 31.8%, 38.8%, 36.7%; 1999: 29.1%, 29.6%, 28.4%; 2000: 32.3%, 36.1%, 28.3%; 2001: 34.5%, 30.9%, 29.5%; 2002: 30.5%, 30.5%, 30.7%; 2003: 31.6%, 34.%, 31.6%; 2004: 29.7%, 32.4%, 28.4%).

The convention divisions led by women had 40.6% of the convention's female panel chairs, 35.3% of the papergivers, and 41.8% of its discussants (Cf., 1995: 44.0%, 48.0%, 42.0%; 1996: 40.4%, 48.1%, 50.7%; 1997: 60.1%, 54.0%, 53.4%; 1998: 59.1%, 51.0%, 49.7%; 1999: 54.7%, 51.5%, 53.8%; 2000: 49.3%, 48.8%, 52.8%; 2001: 49.1%, 42.9%, 43.7%; 2002: 52.0%, 47.9%, 47.5%; 2003: 61.0%, 46.9%, 54.8%; 2004: 59.1%, 57.7%, 57.8%). Women-chaired panels had 40.8% female papergivers and 49.3% female discussants (Cf., 1995: 41.0, 42.5%; 1996: 38.7%. 33.9%; 1997: 37.7%, 43.0%; 1998: 41.1%, 49.4%; 1999: 38.7%, 45.3%; 2000: 41.9%, 42.2%; 2001: 43.7%, 48.3%; 2002: 38.4%, 50.2%; 2003: 28.9%, 51.1%; 2004: 42.9%, 44.1%). These constituted 36.6% of the women giving papers at the 2005 convention and 51.9% of the women serving as discussants (Cf., 1995: 40.8%, 43.3%; 1996: 30.9%, 30.3%; 1997: 38.0%, 40.4%; 1998: 33.8%, 43.7%; 1999: 35.6%, 4S.6%; 2000: 37.3%, 44.0%; 2001: 36.0%, 49.7%; 2002: 38.9%, 48.9%; 2003: 27.8%, 48.4%; 2004: 35.0%, 44.3%).

In recent years we've added poster session presentations to the program. At the 2005 meeting, women were 33.1% of those making presentations (148 out of 447) (Cf., 31.4% for traditional paper presentations). (Cf., 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, and 2004 poster sessions: women were 29.7%, 30.1%, 31.7%, 27.8%, and 33.2% of the presenters).

The divisions with the strongest female representation were those on Theme Panels*, Political Thought and Philosophy*, Foundations of Political Thought*, Undergraduate Education, International Collaboration, Conflict Processes, Federalism and Intergovernmental Relations, Women and Politics*, Race, Ethnicity and Politics*, Information Technology and Politics*, and New Political Science (*=headed by women).

The divisions with the weakest female representation in 2005 were those on Formal Political Theory, Political Psychology, Political Economy, Political Methodology, International Security and Arms Control, Representation and Electoral Systems, Political Organization and Parties, Elections and Voting Behavior, and International History and Politics.

Among the predominantly female panels (omitting the panels in the Women and Politics section) were those on Theme Panel: Do Women Represent Women?, Approaches to Comparative Political Theory, Passion, Emotion and Anger in Democratic Discourse, Care in a Free Society, Women in Local Politics, Gender, Race and the Legislative Process, ICT-Led Development, Intersections and Fluid Identities, Gendered Concepts, and Methodology and the Study of Gender and Politics.

Panels lopsidedly “stag” included Theme Panel: The End of the Bush Revolution?, Theme Panel: Issues in Direct Democracy, Theme Panel: Is the Lengthening Tenure of Supreme Court Justices a Problem Needing Prompt Attention?, Theme Panel: LGBT Mobilization-Cross Culture Perspectives, The State of Democracy, Montesquieu's Romans and the Spirit of Republican Empire, Ancient and Modern Approaches to Imperialism, Terror and Civilization, African American Political Thought, Author Meets Critics: Keith Topper's The Disorder of Political Inquiry, What Constitutes Political Maturity?, NOMOS 50, Global Democratic Deficit, Must Liberalism Be Secular?, Can There Be a Decent Right?, Habermasian Democracy, Information Aggregation and Diffusion, Models of Supermajorities and Filibusters, Legislative Structure and Outcomes, Candidates, Challengers and Policy Choice, Designing Legislative Organizations, New Perspectives on Political Decision-Making, Roundtable: Character, Leadership and Transformation, The Political-Historical Determinants of Current Economic Outcomes, Domestic Politics, Integrated Markets, That '70s Decade and the Politics of Paradigm Change, Contracting and Commitment in Times of Uncertainty, The Politics of Collective Memory, After Empire, Post-Colony, The Bush Presidency in Historical Perspective, Analyzing Dyadic Data and Networks, Dependent Data and EITM, Advances in Roll Call Analysis, Quality of Government, The Economic Consequences of Political Institutions, Comparative Politics as Represented in Our Leading Journals, Context and the Economic Vote, What Makes Regimes Stable?, The Persistence and Fall of Authoritarian Regimes, Political Entrepreneurs, Networks and Ethnicity, Political Parties and Postcommunism, Roundtable on the Politics of Corporate Governance Regulations, Responses to Globalization, Who Benefits Most and Why?, Citizens' Preferences and Partisan Choices in the Political Economies of Advanced Capitalism, Delegation of Authority to International Organizations, The Making of Northeast Asia?, The Size of States, The Domestic Obstacles to Complying with International Law, Territory and War Termination, Protecting the Homeland Post-9/11, Regime Type and the Duration and Outcome of International Conflict, New Perspectives on Leaders, Clausewitz' Enduring Relevance, Why No One Cares to Balance America, Strengthening Arms Control and the Nonproliferation Regime in the Second Bush Administration, International Relations Theory in the Age of Global Terrorism, US Nonproliferation Policy and the International System, Nuclear North Korea, Security Scholarship Works Great in Practice, But How Does It Work in Theory?, The Duration of War, Paths to Peace, Political Conflict and the Developing World, Nelson Polsby's Congress, Campaign Finance in Congressional Elections, Constituents, Parties, and Roll Call Analysis, Institutions, Legislative Preferences and Agenda Control, Legislators as Specialists and Activists, Judicial Restraint of the Executive in Wartime, Executive Politics versus Executive Management, Public Policy through Litigation, Policy Framing and Innovation in Different Contexts, Strategic Factors in Judicial Decision-Making, Congress and Federal Judicial Selection, Constitutional Development, Supreme Court Decision-Making and the Legal Model, Politics, Regimes and Decision-Making, Religion and the Constitution, Corporate Behavior and Environmental Policy Performance, Selecting an Electoral System, Changing the Rules of the Game in New Democracies, Trends in Voter Turnout, Strategic Voting under Varying Electoral Systems, The 2004 US Election, Electoral System Changes Compared, Economic Voting Revisited, Information, Rationality and Voting Choice, Public Opinion and Same-Sex Marriage, Public Reactions to War and the Use of Force, Changing Japanese Elections, Negative Advertising, Media Influence in the Campaign Context, Toward New Public Management, Postmodernism Rightly Understood, Appeasement in the 1930s, The Resource Curse, Social Conflict and Democratization, The Political Economy of Democratization, Roundtable: Ethnography Meets Rational Choice, and Rethinking Qualitative Methods.