Boldface numerals indicate the ARAL volume in which the subject is discussed; numbers following the backslash indicate the page number(s) of the discussion. For example, Interlanguage variation in SLA: 19/105–132 means that interlanguage variation is discussed between pages 105 and 132 of volume 19; Corpus linguistics: 16/71–85, 99–136, 182–199 means that corpus linguistics is discussed in three different sections corresponding to the inclusive page numbers noted in volume 16.
- Academic discourse: 16/14–45
- Advertising and language use, 23/170–183
- Africa, (northern): LSP in North Africa, 20/77–96
- Africa, (southern): language policy in, 19/215–232, 23/225–242
- Age, and L2 learning 21/77–89
- Alternative assessment: 18/304–319
- American Indian languages: language policy in, 23/44–57
- Angola: multilingualism in, 17/170–190
- Anxiety, and L2 learning 21/112–126
- Applied linguistics and ARAL, 20/3–17; role of, 20/21–33, 241–249
- Appraisal psychology 21/23–42
- Aptitude (in SLA): 21/90–111
- Armenia: multilingualism in, 17/91–137
- Assessment: alternative, 18/304–319; computer adaptive testing, 19/273–299; developments in, 19/235–253, 20/147–161; in language programs, of listening, 18/171–191; performance, and policy, 18/304–319; of reading, 18/208–218; of speaking, 18/192–207; 22/221–242, 243–262; and technology, 16/240–260, 19/273–299; validity in, 19/254–272; of writing, 18/219–240
- Attitudes and motivation (in SLA): 21/23–59
- Attrition of foreign languages: 21/60–73
- Australia: multilingualism in, 17/191–203
- Azerbaijan: multilingualism in, 17/91–137
- Belarus: multilingualism in, 17/91–137
- Bilingual communities: Europe, 23/34–36
- Bilingual education: in Europe, 23/95–112
- Bilingualism: 17/3–262; and bilingual education, 17/91–262; and interpreting, 23/58–78; and language acquisition, 21/153–168; and language processing, 21/169–181; and reading, 21/182–264; in Canada, 17/204–223; in England, 17/224–241; in Europe, 14/93–110, 17/151–169, 224–241; in Israel 17/138–150; in Latvia, 17/113–137; in Netherlands, 17/151–169; in Russia, 17/91–137; in South Africa, 17/170–190; in Soviet Union, 17/91–137; in United States, 17/242–262; 23/95–112
- Bilingualism and education in Europe: 17/151–169, 23/95–112
- Biliteracy: 21/182–204
- Botswana: multilingualism in, 17/170–190
- Canada: multilingualism in, 17/204–223
- Classroom: language in: 19/135–155, 22/171–185, 186–203, 204–218
- Classroom instruction: in grammar, 24/126–145; in listening, 18/81–101, 24/3–25; in reading, 18/124–141, 24/44–69; in spoken language, 18/102–123; for speaking, 24/26–43; in writing/reading, 18/142–167, 24/70–106
- Cognitive processes: in language skills, 18/3–78, 19/22–63; in SLA, 19/22–63; in task-based instruction, 18/268–286; in reading, 21/127–149, 182–204
- Communicative competence: and teaching, 18/323–333; and assessment, 22/221–278
- Communicative teaching methodology: 18/287–303, 323–333
- Comprehension: 18/3–19, 43–60, 208–218
- Competency-based curriculum, 18/287–303
- Computer adaptive testing: 16/240–260, 19/273–299; and reading assessment, 18/208–218
- Computers: language and, 16/26–260; and language pedagogy, 24/243–260
- Connectionism: 19/22–42
- Constructionism: and language learning, 24/303–319
- Constructural theory: 16/14–25
- Contact linguistics: 23/81–183
- Content-based instruction, 18/243–267, 24/261–283
- Conversation analysis, 22/3–31
- Corpus linguistics: 16/71–85, 99–136, 182–199, 22/75–95
- Creoles, 23/202–212; and language teaching, 24/187–208
- Critical discourse analysis: 22/96–110
- Critical language testing: 18/304–319
- Critical period: 20/213–223, 21/77–89
- Cross-cultural pragmatics, 22/150–167
- Curriculum design: current developments in, 18/287–303; and content-based instruction, 24/261–283
- Dialogue in education: 19/135–155, 22/171–185
- Discourse analysis: natural language processing, 16/71–85; research methods, 22/32–51; and stylistics, 22/136–149; and assessment, 22/221–242, 243–363, 263–278
- Discourse-based curriculum: 18/287–303
- Distance instruction: 16/226–239
- Economics and multilingualism: 17/43–65
- Electronic networking: 16/182–199
- England: multilingualism in, 17/224–241
- English as a global language: 17/66–87
- English for academic purposes: and content-based instruction, 18/243–267, 24/261–283; and writing, 18/142–167, 24/70–106
- English for special purposes: 20/59–76; and corpus linguistics, 16/115–136; and teaching for, 24/165–186
- Estonia: multilingualism in, 17/91–137
- Europe: language policy in, 23/32–35
- Evaluation: assessment and, 20/147–161; of language skills, 18/171–240, 304–319
- First language acquisition: 19/3–21, 21/153–168
- Foreign language attrition: 21/60–73
- Foreign language learning: in the U.S., 23/22–43
- Forensic linguistics: 19/174–192
- Functional linguistics and education: 20/116–126, 22/52–74, 113–135, 23/187–201
- Gender and language: 23/87–201
- Generative linguistics and SLA: 21/xi-xxiii
- Genre: literacy instruction in, 22/113–135
- Grammar, and language teaching, 24/126–145
- Georgia: multilingualism in, 17/91–137
- Hypertext: 16/26–67, 200–225
- Immersion education: 17/204–223, 20/199–212
- Implicit and explicit learning in SLA: 21/207–220
- Indigenous languages: 23/44–57, 113–133
- Individual differences in SLA: 21/77–149
- Input-based approaches to SLA: 19/64–80
- Instruction: content-based, 18/243–267
- Interaction (in SLA): in educational contexts, 19/135–155, 22/171–203
- Interlanguage variation: 19/105–132, 20/182–198
- Internet and writing: 16/26–67, 200–225
- Interpreting: translating and, 23/58–78
- Israel: multilingualism in, 17/1138–150
- Kazakstan: multilingualism in, 17/91–137
- Kyrgystan: multilingualism in, 17/91–137
- Language acquisition: bilingual, 21/153–181; SLA, 19/3–132; Second language learning and teaching, 18/3–333, 19/43–80, 22/171–218
- Language anxiety: 21/112–126
- Language assessment: 19/235–299; 22/221–278
- Language contact: 17/3–10; and education, 23/95–112; and religion, 23/81–94
- Language change: and gender, 23/187–201; pidgins and creoles as models of, 23/202–212; in South Africa, 23/225–242
- Language contact in bilingual societies: 23/3–183
- Language death: 23/44–57
- Language and advertising: 23/170–183
- Language and business: 23/155–169
- Language and education: 19/135–155, 23/95–112, 23/95–112
- Language-in-education policy: 23/95–112
- Language and gender: 23/87–201
- Language and the law: 19/156–173, 23/113–133, 213–224
- Language maintenance: 17/30–42, 23/22–43
- Language and media: 23/170–183
- Language and medicine: 19/174–192, 23/134–154
- Language minorities: cf., linguistic minorities
- Language policy and planning: 17/3–262; in Australia, 17/191–203; in Canada, 17/204–223; foundations of, 20/129–146; in South Africa, 17/170–190, 23/225–242; in the U.S., 17/242–262; in Western Europe, 17/151–169, 224–241
- Language and politics: 19/215–232, 23/3–21
- Language revival: 23/44–57
- Language rights: and political theory, 23/3–21
- Language and science: 19/193–214
- Language shift: 23/22–43; and social change, 23/225–242
- Language spread: 17/3–10
- Language teaching: Brunei, CALL, 16/137–181; content-centered, 18/243–267; and corpus linguistics, 16/182–199, 22/75–95; and skills instruction, 18/81–167; and teacher education, 20/34–55
- Language teaching/learning: CALL, 16/137–181; grammar, 19/64–80, 24/126–145; and task-based learning, 18/268–286
- Language testing research: developments in, 19/235–253, 22/221–278; and ethics, 18/304–319, 19/235–253; of language skills, 18/171–240, 22/221–278; and policy, 18/304–319; and technology, 16/240–260, 19/273–299; and validity, 19/254–272
- Latvia: multilingualism in, 17/91–137
- Lesotho: multilingualism in, 17/170–190
- Lexicography and corpus analysis: 16/99–114
- Lingua franca: teaching English as, 24/209–239
- Linguistic consequences of literacy: 22/113–135
- Linguistic minorities: and language policy, 17/11–42, 91–262, 23/22–43, 95–112
- Linguistics and literacy: 22/113–135
- Listening: theory of, 18/3–19; teaching of, 18/81–101; in listening, 24/3–25; assessment of, 18/171–191
- Literacy: cognitive aspects of, 16/3–13, 21/127–149; and print media, 16/14–25; psychology of, 22/127–149; and reading, 18/43–60, 124–141, 208–218, 21/127–149, 182–204; and writing, 18/61–78, 142–167, 219–240, 20/99–115
- Lithuania: multilingualism in, 17/91–137
- Machine translation: 16/86–98
- Malawi: multilingualism in, 17/170–190
- Media: language and the, 23/170–183; and distance education, 16/226–239
- Metalinguistic processing, 21/169–204
- Minorities: Linguistic: See linguistic minorities
- Minority language rights: 17/11–29, 23/3–21
- Moldova: multilingualism in, 17/91–137
- Motivation in SLA: 21/43–59 Mozambique: literacy in, 17/243–259; multilingualism in, 17/170–190.
- Multilingualism: 17/3–262; Australia, 17/91–103; Europe, 17/151–164, 224–241; in the Canadian context, 17/204–223; Israel, 17/138–150; Netherlands, 17/151–169; South Africa, 17/170–190, 23/225–242; Soviet Union, 17/91–137; United States, 17/242–262, 23/22–43
- Namibia: multilingualism in, 17/170–190
- National curriculum for second language learning: in South Africa, 23/225–242
- Natural language processing: 16/71–85
- Netherlands: multilingualism in, 17/151–169
- Neurobiology: 21/23–42
- Oral interview assessment: 18/192–207, 22/221–262
- Oral language production: 18/102–123
- Parsing and natural language processing: 16/71–85
- Peer discourse, 22/171–185
- Performance assessment: 22/221–227
- Pidgins, 23/202–212
- Politics: language policy and, 19/215–232, 23/3–21
- Portfolio assessment in writing: 18/219–240
- Pragmatics: 19/81–104, 22/150–167
- Prescriptivism, 23/213–224
- Print and technology: 16/14–25
- Professional contexts of language use: 19/135–232, 23/113–183
- Pronunciation, research on teaching, 24/109–125
- Psycholinguistics: and applied linguistics, 20/224–237; development of, 21/xi-xxiii; connections with linguistics, 21/3–22; and reading, 21/127–149; research methods, 21/207–232
- Psychological (/social) processes in SLA: 19/22–63, 21/3–22, 23–42, 43–59
- Psychology of reading: 21/127–149, 182–204
- Quebec: multilingualism in, 17/204–223
- Rater performance in speaking: 18/192–207, 22/221–262
- Rating scales in writing: 18/219–240, 22/263–278
- Reading comprehension: 18/43–60, 124–140
- Reading (in SLA): 21/182–204, 24/44–69
- Reading and assessment: 18/208–218
- Register analysis and corpus linguistics: 16/115–136, 22/75–95
- Religion and language, 23/81–94
- Research methods in SLA 21/207–245
- Russia: multilingualism in, 17/91–137
- Second language: literacy in, 21/182–204
- Second language acquisition: research, 19/3–132, 20/165–181
- SLA: cognitive approaches to, 19/22–42, 20/165–181; crosslinguistic influences, 19/81–132, 22/150–167; individual differences in, 21/77–89, 90–111; input-based approaches, 19/64–80; language attrition, 21/60–73; pragmatics and, 19/81–104, 22/150–167; psycholinguistics of, 19/43–63; research methods in, 21/207–245; sociolinguistics and, 19/105–132; Vygotsky, 22/171–203
- Social context: in language teaching, 18/323–333; in spoken language, 18/20–42
- Sociolinguistics: in professional contexts, 19/135–232, 23/113–183
- South Africa: language policy in, 23/225–242; multilingualism in, 17/170–190
- Soviet Union: multilingualism in, 17/91–137
- Speaking: assessment of, 18/192–207; teaching of, 18/102–123, 24/26–43; theory of, 18/20–42, 22/221–242, 243–262
- Speech act theory: 19/81–104
- Strategies: and listening instruction, 18/81–101
- Systemic functional linguistics, 22/52–74
- Swaziland: multilingualism in, 17/170–190
- Tajikstan: multilingualism in, 17/91–137; and language skills, 18/81–167, 323–333
- Tasks: in listening assessment, 18/171–191; in speaking assessment, 22/221–262; and task-based instruction, 18/268–286; and teaching, 18/323–333
- Teacher training: and content-based instruction, 18/243–267; 20/147–161; in immersion education, 24/320–338
- Teaching: and content-based instruction, 18/243–267; and language skills, 18/81–167, 18/323–333; and task-based instruction, 18/268–286; and teacher education, 20/34–55; cf. bilingual communities, linguistic minorities
- Technology: and language, 16/3–260; in listening assessment, 18/171–191
- Testing: alternative assessment, 20/147–161; developments in, 19/235–253, 22/221–278; of language skills, 18/171–240; policy in, 18/304–319; and technology, 16/240–260, 19/273–299, and validity, 19/254–272
- Text tagging: 16/71–85
- Think-aloud protocols, 21/233–245
- Translation: and technology, 16/86–98
- Translating and interpreting as a profession: 23/58–78
- Turkmenistan: multilingualism in, 17/91–137
- Universal Grammar: 19/3–21, 43–63, 21/207–220
- Ukraine: multilingualism in, 17/91–137
- United States: multilingualism in, 17/242–262, 23/22–43
- Uzbekistan; multilingualism in, 17/91–137
- Vocabulary: research in teaching, 24/146–161
- Vygotskian perspectives: on SLA: 22/171–203; on L2 research, 21/233–245; on teaching, 24/303–319
- Western Europe: multilingualism in, 17/151–164, 224–241, 23/95–112
- World Englishes: 17/66–87, 24/114–117, 209–239
- Writing (in SLA): 18/61–78, 142–167; assessment of, 18/219–240, 22/263–278; and computers, 16/26–67, 200–225; process of, 18/61–78, 142–167; research on teaching, 24/70–106; and technology, 16/3–67, 200–225; and WWW, 16/26–67, 200–225
- Written discourse: in scientific discourse, 19/193–214; assessment of, 22/263–278
- Zambia: multilingualism in, 17/170–190
- Zimbabwe: multilingualism in, 17/170–190