Wycliffite controversies, which is an achievement in editing and a model for collaboration, is required reading for scholars in all disciplines seeking to pursue research on Wycliffism or ‘lollardy’ – England's major heresy from the late fourteenth century on. This volume attains pride of place alongside that other excellent collection from 2003, Lollards and their influences. There are three reasons for this assessment. First, Wycliffite controversies contains work by seasoned and newer scholars alike. The established scholars exhibit awareness of the changing discipline, the need to re-examine long-held assumptions and disciplinary orthodoxies, in a manner not seen in their work even a few years before, while the newer scholars hold their own in a most impressive fashion, opening windows onto the world of Wycliffism that are refreshing and invigorating. Second, the volume depicts in helpful detail not only the historical diversity of Wycliffism, which is a point on which many of the contributors insist, but it also evinces variation in modern approaches to the topic itself, with some essays adventurously drawing from the fields of sociology, psychology and literary theory, while other papers press ahead with useful codicological, prosopographic, historical and biographic methods. Third, most of the authors in this volume offer helpful directions for future research, attentive – above all – to the rapid internationalisation of Wycliffite studies and the growing need to assess quite how this heresy or movement intersects with contemporary continental heresies and academic controversies. Quibbles about this collection are just that, and can instead be transformed into genuine dialogue with the editors and contributors about the field and its coherence. For example, Wycliffite controversies may have been better named Wycliffite affiliations, to echo the title of the 2008 conference at Oriel College, Oxford, from which these papers draw, but this is a choice that the editors deftly explain in their introduction. One might ask, however, whether ‘controversies’ is the right word for the title. Is the word itself too loaded for a volume that seeks in many respects to identify the important mundane connections between Wycliffism and late medieval culture? For my part, I would opt for the title Wycliffite proximities, insofar as each essay in this volume shows us how Wycliffism is adjacent to and expressive of practically every major late medieval social, political, religious, legal and aesthetic phenomenon. However one labels a diverse and fine set of essays like these, this much is clear: something is afoot in Wycliffite studies, and it can be seen in this volume. If scholars speak of Wycliffism or ‘lollardy’ in the singular case, as if to imply even remotely that this heresy is one, self-consistent thing, it is evidently now time to speak of this heresy, this religion, this history, in the plural: Wycliffisms or Lollardies.