It is now well understood that if we wish to maintain food security in a rapidly changing agri-environment then plant genetic resource (PGR) conservationists must provide breeders with the broadest range of diversity to help them address the growing challenges of human over-population, climate change and rapidly evolving consumer demands, not to mention the specific challenges facing wheat cultivation, such as the virulent stem rust Ug99. Critical to addressing these challenges is the maintenance of diversity of landraces because they contain the greatest proportion of adaptive diversity. As such the text aims at reviewing the economic costs of maintaining adaptive diversity, models competing options and is targeted at professional PGR conservationists, breeders and researchers. However, overall the text has a narrower main focus looking at the economics of continued landrace production and whether there is a trade-off between diversity and immediate production objectives. The text is divided into 12 chapters, with a brief introductory chapter on the role of economics in crop genetic diversity, then a chapter reviewing the conceptual framework for estimating crop diversity and measurement, followed by nine chapters addressing economic aspects of wheat cultivation and breeding in Australia, and finishing with a chapter that provides an economic overview and lays out the associated policy implications. I valued the information provided, but wondered at whom the book is actually aimed; it lacks sufficient breadth of detail to attract all but the specialist reader. Can we draw conclusions from a study of two very distinct wheat cultivation environments? I also found the lack of an index frustrating, making it difficult to locate and check information.