1 Introduction
Alessandro De Stefani brought to our attention that [Reference Polstra and SmirnovPS, Theorem 3.12] is wrong as stated, and an explicit counter-example can be found in [Reference De Stefani and SmirnovDSS20, Theorem 5.3]. The problem lays in [Reference Polstra and SmirnovPS, Lemma 3.10], where the formula for the splitting number was written incorrectly as
$$ \begin{align*} a_{e}(R/(\underline{f}+\underline{\epsilon}))= [k : k^{p^{e}}] \operatorname{\mathrm{\lambda}} \left(\frac{R}{(\underline{f}+\underline{\epsilon}, (I_{t_{\underline{\epsilon}}}^{[p^{e}]}:_{R} u_{t_{\underline{\epsilon}}}^{p^{e}}))}\right), \end{align*} $$
while it should be instead
$$ \begin{align*} a_{e}(R/(\underline{f}+\underline{\epsilon}))= [k : k^{p^{e}}] \operatorname{\mathrm{\lambda}} \left(\frac{R}{(\underline{f}+\underline{\epsilon}, I_{t_{\underline{\epsilon}}}^{[p^{e}]}):_{R} u_{t_{\underline{\epsilon}}}^{p^{e}}}\right). \end{align*} $$
Below we will present a proof of [Reference Polstra and SmirnovPS, Theorem 3.12] under additional Gorenstein hypothesis. In the main case of interest, when
$ \operatorname {\mathrm {s}} (R/(\underline {f}))> 0$
, this result was generalized in [Reference De Stefani and SmirnovDSS20, Theorem 5.11] to the
$\mathbb Q$
-Gorenstein case.
It is also likely that the Gorenstein hypothesis is necessary for [Reference Polstra and SmirnovPS, Questions 4.5, 4.8] to have positive answers; however, [Reference De Stefani and SmirnovDSS20, Theorem 5.11] does not provide a counter-example.
2 Continuity of F-signature
We begin by recalling the following theorem of Huneke and Leuschke.
Theorem 2.1. [Reference Huneke and LeuschkeHL02, Proof of Theorem 11] Let
$(R,\mathfrak {m})$
be an F-finite local Gorenstein ring of prime characteristic
$p>0$
and dimension d. Suppose
$f_{1},\ldots ,f_{d}$
is a system of parameters of R and u generates the socle mod
$(f_{1},\ldots ,f_{d})$
. Then for each
$e\in \mathbb {N}$
,
$$ \begin{align*} a_{e}(R)=[k:k^{p^{e}}]\operatorname{\mathrm{\lambda}}(R/((f_{1},\ldots,f_{d})^{[p^{e}]}:u^{p^{e}})). \end{align*} $$
The following corollary is the Gorenstein version of [Reference Polstra and SmirnovPS, Lemma 3.10]
Corollary 2.2. Let
$(R,\mathfrak {m})$
be a local Gorenstein F-finite ring of prime characteristic p. Let
$\underline {f}$
be a regular sequence of length c. Then for any integer e, there exists an integer N such that
$a_{e}(R/(\underline {f})) = a_{e}(R/(\underline {f} + \underline {\epsilon }))$
for any
$\underline {\epsilon } \in ({\mathfrak {m}^{N}})^{\oplus \,c}$
.
Proof. If
$\dim (R) = c$
, then
$R/(f)$
is artinian and, thus, has a splitting if an only if it is a field. If we take
$\underline {\epsilon } \in ({\mathfrak {m}^{2}})^{\oplus \,c}$
, then
$(\underline {f}) = \mathfrak {m}$
if and only if
$(\underline {f}+ \underline {\epsilon }) = \mathfrak {m}$
. So the Frobenius splitting numbers of
$R/(\underline {f})$
and
$R/(\underline {f}+\underline {\epsilon })$
will be the same, either
$0$
or
$[k : k^{p^{e}}]$
, the latter of which occurs if and only if
$(\underline {f}) = \mathfrak {m}$
.
Suppose
$\dim (R)=d+c> c$
. Let
$x_{1},\ldots , x_{d}$
be a system of parameters for
$R/(\underline {f})$
and let
$u\in R$
generate the socle mod
$(\underline {f},x_{1},\ldots , x_{d})$
. By the proof of [Reference Polstra and SmirnovPS, Corollary 3.2], there exists an integer N so that for each
$\underline {\epsilon }\in (\mathfrak {m}^{N})^{\oplus \,c}$
one has that
$(\underline {f}+\underline {\epsilon }, x_{1},\ldots ,x_{d})=(\underline {f},x_{1},\ldots ,x_{d})$
and
$(\underline {f}+\underline {\epsilon }, x^{p^{e}}_{1},\ldots ,x^{p^{e}}_{d})=(\underline {f},x^{p^{e}}_{1},\ldots ,x^{p^{e}}_{d})$
. For such choices of
$\underline {\epsilon }$
the sequence
$x_{1},\ldots ,x_{d}$
is a full system of parameters for
$R/(\underline {f}+\underline {\epsilon })$
, u still generates the socle of
$R/(\underline {f}+\underline {\epsilon },x_{1},\ldots ,x_{d})$
, and by multiple applications of Theorem 2.1
$$ \begin{align*} a_{e}(R/(\underline{f}))&=[k:k^{p^{e}}]{\mathrm{\lambda}}(R/((\underline{f},x_{1}^{p^{e}},\ldots,x_{d}^{p^{e}}):u^{p^{e}}))\\ &=[k:k^{p^{e}}]{\mathrm{\lambda}}(R/((\underline{f}+\underline{\epsilon},x_{1}^{p^{e}},\ldots,x_{d}^{p^{e}}):u^{p^{e}}))=a_{e}(R/(\underline{f}+\underline{\epsilon})).\\[-40pt] \end{align*} $$
Theorem 2.3. Let
$(R, \mathfrak m, k)$
be a Gorenstein F-finite ring of prime characteristic p and dimension
$d+c$
. If
$\underline {f}$
is a parameter sequence of length c such that
$\hat {R}/(\underline {f})\hat {R}$
is reduced, then for any
$\delta> 0$
, there exists an integer
$N> 0$
such that for any
$\underline {\epsilon } \in ({\mathfrak {m}^{N}})^{\oplus \,c}$
$$ \begin{align*} |{\mathrm{s}} (R/(\underline{f})) - {\mathrm{s}} (R/(\underline{f} + \underline{\epsilon})) | < \delta. \end{align*} $$
Proof. We may assume R is complete. By the Cohen–Gabber theorem [Reference Gabber and OrgogozoGO08], we may choose parameters
$x_{1},\ldots , x_{d}\in R$
such that
$x_{1},\ldots , x_{d}$
is a system of parameters for
$R/(\underline {f})$
and
$R/(\underline {f})$
is module finite and generically separable over the regular local ring
$A:=k[[x_{1},\ldots ,x_{d}]]$
. Thus we have short exact sequence
$$ \begin{align*} 0 \to R/(\underline{f})[A^{1/p}] \to (R/(\underline{f}))^{1/p} \to M \to 0 \end{align*} $$
and
$0 \neq c = {\mathrm {D}}_{A} (R/(\underline {f}))$
annihilates M.
Let M and
$M_{\underline {\epsilon }}$
be as in the proof of [Reference Polstra and SmirnovPS, Theorem 3.5], so that there are isomorphisms
$R/(\underline {f} + \underline {\epsilon })[A^{1/p}] \cong \oplus ^{p^{d} [k : k^{p}]} (R/(\underline {f} + \underline {\epsilon }))$
and short exact sequences
$$ \begin{align*} 0 \to R/(\underline{f} + \underline{\epsilon})[A^{1/p}] \to (R/(\underline{f} + \underline{\epsilon}))^{1/p} \to M_{\underline{\epsilon}} \to 0. \end{align*} $$
Apply the exact functor
$(-)^{1/p^{e}}$
to the above to get the exact sequence
$$ \begin{align*} 0 \to \bigoplus^{p^{d} [k : k^{p}]}\left ( (R/(\underline{f} + \underline{\epsilon})^{1/p^{e}}) \right) \to (R/(\underline{f} + \underline{\epsilon}))^{1/p^{e+1}} \to M_{\underline{\epsilon}}^{1/p^{e}} \to 0. \end{align*} $$
By [Reference Polstra and TuckerPT18, Lemma 2.1]
$$ \begin{align*} {\mathrm{freerank}} \left ( (R/(\underline{f} + \underline{\epsilon}))^{1/p^{e+1}} \right ) \leq p^{d}[k : k^{p}] {\mathrm{freerank}} \left ( (R/(\underline{f} + \underline{\epsilon}))^{1/p^{e}} \right) + \mu ((M_{\underline{\epsilon}})^{1/p^{e}}), \end{align*} $$
or, equivalently,
$ a_{e+1}(R/(\underline {f}+\underline {\epsilon }))\leq p^{d}[k : k^{p}]a_{e}(R/(\underline {f}+\underline {\epsilon }))+\mu ((M_{\underline {\epsilon }})^{1/p^{e}}). $
The proof of [Reference Polstra and SmirnovPS, Theorem 3.5] gives the existence of a constant C such that for all
$\underline {\epsilon }\in ({\mathfrak {m}^{N}})^{\oplus \,c}$
$$ \begin{align*} \mu ((N_{\underline{\epsilon}})^{1/p^{e}}) = {\mathrm{\lambda}} (N_{\underline{\epsilon}}/\mathfrak{m}^{[p^{e}]}N_{\underline{\epsilon}}) \leq Cp^{e(d-1)}. \end{align*} $$
Let L and
$L_{\underline {\epsilon }}$
be as in the proof [Reference Polstra and SmirnovPS, Theorem 3.5]. Similarly, we can also bound
$$ \begin{align*} p^{d}[k : k^{p}] {\mathrm{freerank}} \left ( (R/(\underline{f} + \underline{\epsilon}))^{1/p^{e}} \right) - {\mathrm{freerank}} \left ( (R/(\underline{f} + \underline{\epsilon}))^{1/p^{e + 1}} \right ) \leq {\mathrm{\lambda}} (L_{\underline{\epsilon}}/\mathfrak{m}^{[p^{e}]}L_{\underline{\epsilon}}) \end{align*} $$
and once again obtain constant C, independent of
$\underline {\epsilon }$
, such that
$$ \begin{align*}|a_{e+ 1} (R/(\underline{f} + \underline{\epsilon})) - p^{d}[k : k^{p}] a_{e} (R/(\underline{f} + \underline{\epsilon}))| < Cp^{e(d-1)}.\end{align*} $$
Since
$ {\mathrm {rank}} R^{1/p^{e}} = p^{ed} [k : k^{p^{e}}]$
[Reference KunzKun76, Proposition 2.3], as explained in [Reference Polstra and SmirnovPS, Corollary 3.6], this gives us a uniform convergence statement: there exist
$D, N> 0$
such that for all
$\underline {\epsilon } \in ({\mathfrak {m}^{N}})^{\oplus \,c}$
$$ \begin{align*} \left |{\mathrm{s}} (R/(\underline{f}+ \underline{\epsilon})) - \frac 1{{\mathrm{rank}} R^{1/p^{e}}} a_{e} (R/(\underline{f} + \underline{\epsilon})) \right| < \frac{D}{p^{e}}. \end{align*} $$
The statement now follows by employing Corollary 2.2 and following the proof of [Reference Polstra and SmirnovPS, Corollary 3.7].
Acknowledgment
Polstra was supported in part by NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowship DMS
$\#1703856$
.