This guide addresses the linkages between pastoralism, biodiversity, development and poverty reduction. It aims to raise awareness of tools relevant to the pastoralism sector that have demonstrated benefits for biodiversity and for development. Readers wishing to make use of these tools are provided with numerous supplementary references and sources. The guide describes the role of pastoralism in the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in drylands, and the contribution of pastoralism to poverty reduction and development. It presents eight illustrative case studies involving different livestock species in different parts of the world. It highlights the role of public decision-makers and introduces them to policy considerations, management tools, market-based instruments and capacity-building methods that can help augment the social and environmental outcomes of pastoralism. The guide provides examples of good practice in the interface between pastoralism, poverty reduction and biodiversity. It aims to assist Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity in establishing national and subnational policies, strategies, plans and projects for the development of pastoralism that consider poverty reduction and the conservation of biodiversity. A CD-ROM attached to the booklet sleeve includes a PDF version of the guide and a summary slide presentation that can be used during training sessions, workshops, strategic planning meetings, etc; users can prepare their own customized presentations by selecting and editing these slides. The guide is highly recommended as reading and training material for stakeholders concerned with pastoralism as a livestock production system, ecology and poverty alleviation.