Resolution 2781 Reports of the Secretary-General on the Sudan and South Sudan (May 30, 2025) –

On May 30, 2025, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 2781, addressing the conflict in South Sudan. The Council recalled previous resolutions and affirmed its support for the 2018 “Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan” (the Revitalized Agreement). It urged the full implementation of the Revitalized Agreement and stressed that the peace process only remains viable with the full commitment by all parties.

The Council welcomed the transitional government’s submission of its second report on progress on benchmarks. It noted the steps taken in the implementation of the Revitalized Agreement and called for the transitional government to use its resources to ensure the effective operation of newly established institutions. It expressed appreciation for the African Union, the Intergovernmental Authority on Development and the Government of Kenya in advancing the peace process. It also called on South Sudanese parties to demonstrate the political will to peacefully resolve the outstanding differences that are driving continued violence.

The Council expressed concern over the continued intensification of violence and condemned the mobilization of armed groups and encouragement of defections. The Council underscored the need for the parities to avoid a relapse into widespread conflict and finalize the security arrangements set out in Chapter II of the Revitalized Agreement. It condemned the March 2025 White Army attack against UN personnel in Nasir County, Upper Nile State, the May 3 bombing of the MSF hospital in Jonglei State and all attacks on civilians. It also condemned past and ongoing human rights abuses and violations of international humanitarian law, which may amount to war crimes and crimes against humanity. The Council also expressed concern over continued violence against medical personnel and humanitarian workers, facilities and convoys. It encouraged all parties to allow and facilitate safe, rapid and unhindered humanitarian access to people in need.

The Council expressed concern over the detrimental effect of corruption and misuse of public funds on the transitional government’s ability to provide services to its population. It stressed the need to enhance good economic governance to ensure effective national revenue collection and anti-corruption structures in order to finance implementation of essential regulatory frameworks.

It also encouraged member states to provide support to the transitional government on disarmament, demobilization and reintegration, stockpile management, ammunition storage and armory control.

The Council also expressed grave concern at the threat to peace and security in South Sudan arising from the illicit transfer and misuse of small arms. It further expressed concern that illicit trafficking and diversion of arms undermine the rule of law and have the potential to undermine respect for international humanitarian law. It strongly encouraged the South Sudanese authorities to continue their engagement with the Panel of Experts and prevent any obstruction to the implementation of its mandate.

Taking note of the Secretary-General’s reports, the Council expressed concern over the lack of significant advancement on certain benchmarks. It determined that the situation in South Sudan continues to constitute a threat to international peace and security in the region. Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter, the Council decided the following measures.

Arms Embargo and Inspections

The Council decided to renew measures on arms imposed by paragraph 4 of Resolution 2428 until May 31, 2026. It reiterated its call on the RTGNU to make progress on implementation of public finance management reforms and establish the Hybrid Court for South Sudan. The Council requested the Secretary-General, in close consultation with the UNMISS and the Panel of Experts, to assess progress achieved no later than April 15, 2026. It also requested the South Sudan authorities to report on progress achieved on key benchmarks and reforms no later than April 15, 2026. It underscored that arms embargo violations risk fueling conflict and contributing to further instability and urged all member states to take urgent action to prevent such violations.

The Council reiterated its call upon member states to inspect all cargo to South Sudan if the concern state has reasonable grounds to believe the cargo contains prohibited items. It decided to authorize all member states to seize and dispose of prohibited items and notify the Committee of such disposal within 30 days. It required member states to submit an initial written report to the Committee when it undertakes an inspection. It also required such member state to submit a subsequent report within 30 days containing relevant details on the inspection, seizure and disposal.

Targeted Sanctions

The Council decided to renew the travel and financial measures imposed by resolution 2206 until May 31, 2026. It also decided to keep the renewed measures under continuous review and expressed its readiness to consider adjusting such measures. It underscored its willingness to impose targeted sanctions in order to support the search for an inclusive and sustainable peace in South Sudan.

The Council reaffirmed that the provisions of Resolution 2206 apply to individuals and entities designated by the Sanctions Committee. It underscored that actions or policies that have the purpose of impeding the conduct or legitimacy of free and fair elections in South Sudan are also a basis for designation. It also expressed concern at reports of misappropriation and diversion of public resources and underscored that individuals engaged in actions or policies that have the purpose or effect of expanding or extending the conflict may be listed for travel and financial measures.

Sanctions Committee and Panel of Experts

The Council emphasized the importance of holding regular consultations with concerned member states, international and regional organization, as well as UNMISS to ensure the full implementation of this resolution. It decided to extend the mandate of the Panel of Experts until July 1, 2026 and that the Panel should provide an interim report by December 1, 2025, a final report by May 1, 2026 and updates each month.

The Council requested the Secretariat to include the necessary Women, Peace and Security expertise on the Panel of Experts. It called upon all parties, member states, and international organizations to ensure cooperation with the Panel of Expert. It also further urged all member states to ensure the safety of the members of the Panel and unhindered access to persons, documents and sites in order for the Panel to execute its mandate.

The Council requested the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict, Special Representative on Sexual Violence in Conflict and the High Commissioner for Human Rights to share relevant information with the Committee. It encouraged timely information exchange between UNMISS and the Panel of Experts and requested UNMISS to assist the Committee and the Panel with its mandate and capabilities. The Council decided to remain seized of the matter.

https://docs.un.org/en/S/RES/2781(2025)

Resolution 2782 The Situation in the Middle East (UNDOF) (June 30, 2025) –

On June 30, 2025, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 2782, addressing the situation in the Middle East between Israel and the Syrian Arab Republic. Noting that the situation is tense, the Council stressed that both parties must abide by the terms of the 1974 Disengagement of Forces Agreement. It expressed concern that the ongoing military activities conducted by any actor in the area of separation have the potential to escalate tensions and jeopardize the ceasefire between the two countries. It also expressed its appreciation to UNDOF’s liaison efforts to prevent any escalation of the situation. It also expressed alarm that violence in the Syrian Arab Republic risks a serious conflagration of the conflict in the region and concern at all violations of the Disengagement of Forces Agreement.

The Council noted the Secretary-General’s latest report on the UNDOF’s operations and called upon all parties to the Syrian domestic conflict to cease military actions throughout the country. It also emphasized the need for demining and clearance operations in strict compliance with the 1974 Disengagement of Forces Agreement. It reaffirmed its readiness to consider listing individuals, groups, undertakings, and entities providing support to the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant or the Al-Nusra Front. The Council recognized the necessity to flexibly adjust UNDOF’s posture to minimize the security risk to UNDOF personnel as it continues to implement its mandate.

It emphasized the importance of the Council and troop-contributing countries having access to reports and information related to UNDOF’s redeployment configuration. It also underscored the need for UNDOF to have at its disposal all necessary means and resources to carry out its mandate safely and security. The Council strongly condemned incidents threatening the safety and security of UN personnel. It expressed appreciation to UNDOF for progress towards expanding its presence in its area of operation through patrols and rehabilitation of positions on the Bravo side.

The Council recalled that UNDOF’s deployment and the 1974 Disengagement of Forces Agreement are steps toward a just and durable peace. Recalling Resolution 2378, it requested the Secretary-General to ensure that data related to the effectiveness of peacekeeping operations are used to improve evaluation of mission operations. It stressed the obligation on both parties to scrupulously and fully respect the terms of the 1974 Disengagement of Forces Agreement. It encouraged the parties to take full advantage of UNDOF’s liaison function regularly to address issues of mutual concern and prevent any escalation of the satiation across the ceasefire line. It also underlined that UNDOF remains an impartial entity and stressed the importance to halt activities that endanger UN peacekeepers on the ground.

The Council expressed full support for Major General Anita Asmah as Head of Mission and Force Commander. It called on all parties to cooperate fully with the operations of UNDOF and urged prompt reporting by the Secretary-General to the Council and troop-contributing countries of any actions that impede UNDOF’s ability to fulfil its mandate. It also called on the parities to provide all the necessary support to allow for the full utilization of the Quneitra crossing by UNDOF and lift COVID-19 related restrictions as soon as sanitary conditions permit.

The Council request UNDOF, member states and relevant parties to take all appropriate steps to protect the safety, security and health of all UNDOF personnel. It welcomed UNDOF’s ongoing efforts to consolidate its presence and to intensify its operations in the area of separation. It underscored the importance of progress in the deployment of appropriate technology to ensure the safety and security if UNDOF personnel and equipment. The Council encouraged the parties to the Disengagement Agreement to engage constructively to facilitate necessary arrangements with UNDOF for the force’s return to the area of separation.

The Council welcomed the initiatives undertaken by the Secretary-General to standardize a culture of performance in UN peacekeeping and reaffirmed its support for the development of a comprehensive and integrated performance policy framework. It requested the Secretary-General to develop a performance assessment system and seek to increase the number of women in UNDOF. It also requested the Secretary-General to continue to take all necessary measures to ensure full compliance of all personnel in UNDOF. It urged troop and police contributing countries to continue taking appropriate preventative action and to take steps to ensure full accountability through timely investigation of allegations.

The Council decided to renew the mandate of UNDOF for a period of six months until December 31, 2025. It requested the Secretary-General to ensure that UNDOF has the required capacity and resources to fulfill the mandate in a safe and secure way. It also requested the Secretary-General to report every 90 days on developments in the situation and the measures taken to implement Resolution 338.

https://docs.un.org/en/S/RES/2782(2025)

Resolution 2783 The Situation Concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo (June 30, 2025) –

On June 30, 2025, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 2783, addressing the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The Council recalled its previous resolutions and the statements of its President concerning the DRC. It also took note of the final report of the Group of Experts on the DRC (“the Group of Experts”). It reiterated the need to fully implement Resolution 2773 and reaffirmed its concern over the offensive of the M23 in North and South Kivu, the presence of domestic and foreign armed groups and the suffering they impose on the civilian population of the country.

The Council welcomed efforts by the Government of the DRC and reiterated its need to fully investigate the killing of two members of the Group of Experts and the four Congolese nationals accompanying them. It also reiterated that the armed and security forces of the Government of the DRC are exempt from the embargo on the supply of military equipment and previously agreed upon procedures. The Council also stressed the importance of enhancing the safe and effective management, storage and security of stockpiles of weapons and ammunition.

The Council recognized the need to safeguard due process and to ensure fair and clear procedures for delisting individuals designated pursuant to Resolution 1533. It also welcomed the adoption of Resolution 2744 enhancing the mandate and procedure of the focal point for delisting. The Council condemned all threats to the safety and security of peacekeeping and of UN personnel, as well as actions obstructing the implementation of the mandate of MONUSCO.

The Council determined that the situation in the DRC continues to constitute a threat to international peace and security in the region. Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter, the Council decided to renew paragraphs 1 to 6 of Resolution 2293 until July 1, 2026. It reaffirmed that consistency of paragraphs 1 and 2 of Resolution 2667 with paragraph 1 of this resolution. It also reaffirmed that measures described in paragraph 5 of Resolution 2293 shall apply to individuals and entities as designated by the Committee. The Council demanded that states exercise enhanced vigilance to ensure the full implementation of the measures in this resolution. It also further demanded that states ensure that all measures taken by them to implement this resolution comply with international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law.

The Council decided to extend the mandate of the Group of Experts until August 1, 2026. It also expressed its intention to review the mandate and take appropriate action regarding the further extension no later than July 1, 2026. The Council requested the Secretary-General to take all necessary administrative measures to re-establish the Group of Experts in consultation with the Committee. It also called for enhanced cooperation between all states and requested the Group of Experts to provide to the Council a mid-term report no later than December 30, 2025, a final report no later than June 15, 2026, and monthly updates to the Committee.

The Council recalled the Guidelines of the Committee for the Conduct of its Work and called on member states to use the procedures and criteria therein. It also recalled the Secretary General’s commitment that the United Nations will do everything possible to ensure that the perpetrators of the killings of the two members of the Group of Experts and the four Congolese nationals are brought to justice. The Council decided to remain seized of the matter.

https://docs.un.org/en/S/RES/2783(2025)

Resolution 2784 Date of Election to Fill a Vacancy in the International Court of Justice (July 14, 2025) –

On July 14, 2025, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 2784, addressing the vacancy on the International Court of Justice. The Council noted the resignation of Judge Abdulqawi Ahmed Yusuf effective September 30, 2025. It noted further that a vacancy in the Court for the remainder of Judge Yusuf’s term will occur and must be filled in accordance with the terms of the Statute of the Court. In accordance with Article 14 of the Statute, the Council decided that the election to fill the vacancy shall take place on November 12, 2025 at the meeting of the Council and General Assembly during its eightieth session.

https://docs.un.org/en/S/RES/2784(2025)