The contribution that Richard Muller has made to the study of early modern Protestant theology is little short of astonishing. A brief look at the full bibliography of Muller's works, which appears towards the end of this excellent Festschrift, helpfully reminds the reader of the sheer breadth, subtlety and significance of his work. It is no exaggeration to say that he has transformed and enriched our understanding of the Reformed tradition to such a degree that much older scholarship seems to be addressing a quite different phenomenon. In Muller's hands, early modern Reformed theology has become more diverse, more subtly textured, more intellectually flexible and ambitious, and much more closely related to the other intellectual trends of the period. As Carl Trueman's warm introduction to this volume underlines, the heart of Muller's project has been the insistence that the history of doctrine must be rooted in a proper grasp of the context in which that doctrine developed. That context must be understood broadly, so as to include, not merely the theological hinterland, but also the social, political and cultural environment in which the early modern theologians worked. To put it another way, you cannot understand early modern doctrine without a grasp of early modern church life, early modern pastoral preoccupations, early modern university teaching and early modern power politics. For, as Muller has himself underlined (p. xvii), ‘Not everything which presents itself in a historical text as a doctrinal problem necessarily has a doctrinal cause or a doctrinal solution.’ This Festschrift is a fitting celebration of Muller's ongoing work. The editors have assembled somewhat over fifty academic papers, all of which aspire to approach early modern Protestant theology with a breadth of vision reflective of Muller's own. All students of early modern theology are therefore likely to find something of interest in what is an inviting smorgasbord of up-to-date scholarship. The essays are grouped by period into five sections, beginning with the earliest days of the Protestant Reformation, and extending as far as the French Revolutionary Wars. This remarkable chronological ambition reflects that of Muller's magisterial guide to the field, Post-Reformation Reformed dogmatics. Some of the essays in this volume have a more historical, and some of them have a more doctrinal focus, but, in all of them, the doctrine is firmly rooted in the history; whether the personal history of the authors, or the history of the universities or nations in which they worked. The collection includes a number of items that venture beyond the Reformed tradition itself, and speak to Reformed engagement with Lutheran theology, or with philosophers such as Spinoza and Leibniz. The volume includes a couple of essays that, like Muller, place Arminius in the context of the developing Reformed tradition. Some of the essays address specific issues connected with well-known theologians, including a brief run of papers on Peter Martyr Vermigli. Others liberate rather less well-known figures from obscurity. Several of the contributors do indeed address the shape of academic curricula or the history of an academic institution, but the collection offers much more than a history of the Academy, and its relation with the Church. One must therefore look beyond the title, and glance instead at the contents pages to appreciate the breadth that the volume offers. The essays are generally quite brief and clear; and, given the wide range of subject matter represented here, the footnotes in the volume alone represent a valuable resource for a student of early modern theology. The index is, perhaps, a little thin. And a reader with a particular interested in the British theological scene might regret the absence of any essays focusing on the Reformed tradition in Scotland, or on those English Reformed writers of the post-Reformation period who were happy to embrace the liturgy and hierarchy of the Established Church – an absence which does not, of course, mark Muller's own work. None the less, this volume is both a worthy tribute to the scholar it celebrates, and an excellent introduction to the kind of work which he has inspired in others.
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