Introduction
Richard Henry Beddome (1830–1911) is well known for his publications on the animals and plants of southern India. He was Conservator of Forests for the Presidency of Madras from 1860 until 1882. Swapping, as it were, the Pulney Hills for those of Putney, he retired to London. In addition to continuing his research into ferns, one of his main interests in retirement was horticulture. In his late seventies, he published a series of three papers in the Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society, listing taxa in cultivation in groups of particular interest to him. These were Gesneriaceae (Beddome, Reference Beddome1908a), Acanthaceae (Beddome, Reference Beddome1908b) and the genus Campanula (Campanulaceae) (Beddome, Reference Beddome1907). I have recently compiled a list of names of angiosperms published by Beddome (Turner, 2012). In the current paper, I look in detail at two species names in Campanula validated by Beddome.
Campanula lacei
As Beddome’s entry is short it can readily be reproduced here:
[Campanula] Lacei Duthie MS
Hab.: Kumaon 13,000 ft; Chamba State 6,000 feet (India). A pretty species, lower leaves lanceolate, serrate, upper ones linear; flowers large, several on terminal racemes. [C.] Younghusbandi, Prain, seems to be a pubescent form of this species.
The description is very brief but sufficient to validate the name. Campanula younghusbandii Prain seems not to have been published (though there are a couple of sheets from Tibet annotated with this name in the Kew herbarium), so its citation does not make Campanula lacei superfluous. In the Kew herbarium there are two sheets from the Western Himalaya of India that seem to be those referred to by Beddome. One sheet bears two Duthie collections (nos 3121 and 3122) from Kumaon, now in the state of Uttarakhand, and the other is a Lace collection (Lace 1642) from the Pangi Valley, Chamba, in what is now Himachal Pradesh (though the label says the collection was made at 8,000 ft). The Duthie 3122 collection is here chosen as lectotype of Campanula lacei as it is the best of the three candidate specimens at Kew.
The name Campanula lacei first appeared in print in Duthie’s Catalogue of the plants of Kumaon (Duthie, Reference Duthie1906), but as there was no description it is there a nomen nudum. Duthie indicates that Campanula lacei is known from the Kutti Valley at 12–13,000 feet. It is clearly the plant that Duthie mentions in his report of a collecting expedition through Kumaon in 1884 (Duthie, Reference Duthie1885, Reference Duthie1886) as a species allied to Campanula linifolia. The Duthie specimens from Kumaon are labelled Campanula kumaonensis but this epithet has been struck out. Duthie was reputed to be slow in making his mind up in his taxonomic work (Gamble, Reference Gamble1922) and perhaps he had second thoughts about Campanula kumaonensis. In the meantime, Sir George Watt had proposed, but not published, Campanula lacei (some sheets at K and E are annotated C. lacei Watt – doubtless honouring John Henry Lace (1857–1918), the collector of C. lacei in Chamba), so Duthie took up that name for the Kumaon catalogue.
The plant is clearly Adenophora himalayana Feer, one syntype of which is Duthie 3122, the other being Duthie 5735 from Nepal. Heinrich [Henri] Feer worked on Campanulaceae in Geneva for a few years around 1890, but succumbed to tuberculosis and died in 1892 (Briquet, Reference Briquet1940). Dr Martin Callmander kindly checked the Geneva herbarium for Feer’s types of Adenophora himalayana. He managed to locate the sheet of Duthie 5735 annotated by Feer as Adenophora himalayana. This came from the De Candolle family herbarium that was not incorporated into the general herbarium in Geneva until 1921. The specimen label states that the collection was made on 29 vii 1886 from rocks at Káwa in the Káli Valley at 10–11,000 feet. Another hand has written ‘W. Nepal’ on the label. There is a sheet with an identical label in the herbarium of the Natural History Museum (BM). In the Kew herbarium there is a sheet of Duthie 5735 of the same date but the location details differ, with the specimen reported as being collected in the Kutti Yangti Valley, 10–11,000 feet, in the Byáns District of Kumaon, India. The Archives of the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew contains a set of eight bound volumes of Mr J.F. Duthie’s Lists, a catalogue of his plant collections made in North-West India. This indicates a collection numbered 5736 made on 31 vii 1886 in the Kutti Yangti Valley, Kumaon, of the same Campanula sp. as 5735 but the remarks column says the specimen is inadequate. One supposes that the Kew specimen of Duthie 5735, which consists of three flowering stems, is in fact a duplicate of the Nepal collection, and not 5736 from Kumaon. The inference is that the label details were confused at some stage on the Kew specimen. Haridasan & Mukherjee (Reference Haridasan, Mukherjee, Hajra and Sanjappa1996) confirm that duplicates of both Adenophora himalayana syntypes are present in the Calcutta and Dehra Dun herbaria in India.
The Kali River forms the international border between the far west of Nepal and Kumaon, India. It has done so since 1815, so Duthie would have been well aware on which side of the border he collected. Notably, despite having a type from Nepal, Adenophora himalayana, or indeed the genus Adenophora, is absent from recent enumerations of the flora of Nepal (Hara, Reference Hara, Hara, Chater and Williams1982; Press et al., Reference Press, Shrestha and Sutton2000).
The full citation and new synonymy is given below. I refrain from lectotypifying Adenophora himalayana at present as the duplicate of Duthie 3122 seen by Feer may yet be found.
Adenophora himalayana Feer, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 12: 618 (1890). – Type: India, [Uttarakhand], Kumaon, Byáns, rocks in valley above Nápalcha, 13,000 ft, 13 ix 1884, J.F. Duthie 3122 (syn CAL, DD, ?G, K!); Nepal, [Darchula District], Káli Valley, Káwa, 10–11,000 ft, 29 vii 1886, J.F. Duthie 5735 (syn BM!, CAL, DD, G(photo!), K!).
Campanula lacei Duthie ex Bedd., J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 32: 207 (1907), syn. nov. – Type: India, [Uttarakhand], Kumaon, Byáns, rocks in valley above Nápalcha, 3,000 ft, 13 ix 1884, J.F. Duthie 3122 (lecto K!, designated here; iso CAL, DD, ?G).
Campanula pelia
Beddome’s description is as follows:
[Campanula] pelia Haussk. MS. Herb. Kew.
Hab. Thessaly.
One of the lyrate-leaved section; very close to rupestris; however in this the calycine lobes are prominently toothed.
Though very brief, the description is sufficient to diagnose the species. In a revision of the Aegean species of this group of Campanula, Phitos (Reference Phitos1964) keys out C. rupestris and C. pelia (as C. thessala Maire) in the same couplet. He uses corolla characters to distinguish the two, but the descriptions confirm that the sepal character is also diagnostic.
Beddome’s species is apparently based on a Sintenis specimen from Greece (Iter thessalicum 1896 No. 1) in the Kew herbarium that was widely distributed as Campanula pelia by Haussknecht. Campanula andrewsii var. pelia Halácsy represents an independent validation of the unpublished Haussknecht name but at the rank of variety by von Halácsy who had a duplicate of the Sintenis specimen in his Greek herbarium (now in WU), and also cited a collection made by O. Reiser from Thessaly. In a preliminary paper, Phitos (Reference Phitos1963) recognised Campanula andrewsii var. pelia and cited with doubt, as he had not seen the type, C. thessala Maire as a synonym. He stated that if the identity of Campanula thessala Maire could not be confirmed, the new combination Campanula pelia based on von Halácsy’s varietal name would be needed. Lammers (Reference Lammers2007) included, as an accepted species, Campanula pelia (Halácsy) Hausskn. & Sint. ex Phitos based on the use of the binomial by Phitos as outlined above. However, this is not a valid publication under the ICBN Art. 34.1(b) (McNeill et al., Reference McNeill, Barrie, Burdet, Demoulin, Hawksworth and Marhold2006), nor is it the earliest (ignoring Beddome’s) use of Campanula pelia. The binomial was used by Beauverd & Topali in publications arising from an expedition to Greece in 1935 (Beauverd & Topali, Reference Beauverd and Topali1937, Reference Beauverd and Topali1938). In the revision (Phitos, Reference Phitos1964), Phitos considered Campanula thessala as the correct name for the species though he had not seen Maire’s type. Beauverd & Topali, apparently unnoted by Phitos, had confirmed the synonymy to their satisfaction by asking Maire in Algeria to confirm the identity of some of their specimens from Greece (Beauverd & Topali, Reference Beauverd and Topali1938: 172). The type could not be found in the herbarium in Algiers recently (S. Benhouhou, pers. comm.). It may have been relocated to France around the time of Algerian independence, but could not be found in the Montpelier herbarium (P. Schäfer, pers. comm.), the likely new home for such specimens. Maire’s name was a later homonym of Campanula thessala Gand. The latter appeared in an obscure publication and has been generally ignored. Examination of a photograph of the type from the Lyon herbarium shows it to be the widespread Campanula persicifolia L.
Campanula pelia Haussk. ex Bedd., J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 32: 211 (1907). – Type: Greece, Thessalie, Volos, Lechonia, 28 iv 1896, P.E.E. Sintenis: Iter thessalicum 1896 No. 1 (lecto K!, designated here; iso CLF, E, JE, LD[×3], M, P[×3](photos!), W, WU[×2](photos!)).
Campanula andrewsii var. pelia Halácsy, Magyar Bot. Lapok 11: 170 (1912). – Type: Greece, Thessalie, Volos, Lechonia, 28 iv 1896, P.E.E. Sintenis: Iter thessalicum 1896 No. 1 (lecto WU (Herb. Halácsy Graec.) [sheet no. WU 0064247] (photo!), designated here; iso CLF, E, JE, K!, LD[×3], M, P[×3](photos!), W, WU [sheet no. WU 0037904] (photo!)).
Campanula thessala Maire, Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 68: 376 (1921), nom. illegit., non C. thessala Gand. (1883). – Type: Greece, Thessalie, Volo, 21 iv [1908], R. Maire 3152 (holo AL [but not found there]).
Campanula persicifolia L., Sp. Pl. 164 (1753). – Type: Herb. Linn. No. 221.11 (lecto, designated by Hartvig (Reference Hartvig, Strid and Tan1991), LINN).
Campanula thessala Gand., Contr. Fl. Terr. Slav. Merid. 1: 21 (1883), syn. nov. – Type: Greece, Thessali, Mt Olympus, vii 1851, T. de Heldreich 2367 (holo LY (photo!); iso NCY (photo!), P[×2] (photos!)).
Refer to Lammers (Reference Lammers2007) for a full synonymy.
Acknowledgements
Assistance from the following is very gratefully acknowledged: Salima Benhouhou (AL), Jacek Wajer (BM), Henry Noltie (E), Martin Callmander (G), Martin Cheek, Michele Losse (K), Mélanie Thiébaut (LY), Peter Schäfer (MPU), Carine Denjean (NCY), Heimo Rainer (WU).
