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Associations between body composition, glycaemia and complement C3 in black African and white European men

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 February 2022

R.M. Reed ,
O. Hakim ,
S. Lockhart ,
S. O'Rahilly ,
M.B. Whyte  and
L.M. Goff
R.M. Reed
Affiliation:
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
O. Hakim
Affiliation:
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
S. Lockhart
Affiliation:
MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
S. O'Rahilly
Affiliation:
MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
M.B. Whyte
Affiliation:
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
L.M. Goff
Affiliation:
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Abstract

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Complement system dysregulation is involved in type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathogenesis. Increased C3 is associated with obesity, insulin resistance and T2D(Reference Shim, Begum and Yang1). Despite greater prevalence of T2D in Back African (BA) compared to White European (WE) populations(Reference Tillin, Hughes and Godsland2), C3 has not been compared between ethnicities. We investigated associations between C3 and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and body composition, in WE and BA men.

Participants were 97 WE and 88 BA adult men, recruited from the general population and primary care practices, across a range of body mass index (BMI) and either healthy or with prediabetes/T2D. Fasting C3 concentration was measured by ELISA and in a subset, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue area (VAT/SAT; WE: n = 50, BA: n = 48) were measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Normally distributed data were analysed with independent t-Test and Pearson Correlation (means ± SD) and skewed data were log transformed (geometric mean (95% confidence interval)) or analysed with Mann-Whitney U (median (IQR)). Multiple regression was performed including VAT and HbA1c in a model of C3.

BMI was no different between WE and BA (29.3 ± 5.2 vs. 29.1 ± 4.0 kg/m2 respectively, p = 0.79). BA were younger (45 (21) vs. 54 (23) years, p = 0.002), and had higher HbA1c (43 (41, 45) vs. 40 (38, 42) mmol/L, p = 0.002).

C3 was no different between WE and BA (1.12 ± 0.20 vs. 1.16 ± 0.19 g/L respectively, p = 0.268). Compared to WE, BA displayed lower VAT (121 (97, 151) vs. 79 (64, 98) cm2, p = 0.003) despite no differences in SAT (237 (206, 273) vs. 232 (198, 272) cm2, p = 0.921).

In both ethnic groups, C3 correlated with VAT (WE: r = 0.73, p < 0.001; BA: r = 0.53, p < 0.001), SAT (WE: r = 0.67, p < 0.001; BA: 0.42, p = 0.003) and HbA1c (WE: r = 0.31, p = 0.002; BA: r = 0.51, p < 0.001). In regression modelling, VAT and HbA1c explained 53% and 34% of C3 variability in WE and BA, respectively (both p < 0.001). However, no independent effect of HbA1c was found in WE (beta = −0.011, p = 0.927) but there was a trend in BA (beta = 0.30, p = 0.06).

We found no differences in C3 between BA and WE. C3 was associated with VAT and SAT in both ethnicities but the associations were stronger in WE, possibly suggesting factors outside of adiposity may be important determinants of C3 in BA. Furthermore, HbA1c may be an independent predictor of C3 in BA, however more research is required to determine its importance.

References

Shim, K, Begum, R, Yang, C et al. (2020) World J Diabetes 11, 1–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tillin, T, Hughes, A, Godsland, I et al. (2013) Diabetes Care 36, 383–939.CrossRefGoogle Scholar