Universal Declaration of Human Rights, General Assembly resolution 217 A (1948) (cited as UDHR).

Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, approved and proposed for signature and ratification or accession by General Assembly resolution 260 A (III) of 9 December 1948, entered into force on 12 January 1951, in accordance with Article XIII (cited as Genocide Convention).

WHO Constitution, adopted by the International Health Conference held in New York in 1946, and entered into force on 7 April 1948 (cited as WHO Constitution).

Protocol 1 to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, 20 March 1952, entered into force on 8 May 1954.

International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants, 2 December 1961 (cited as UPOV Convention 1961).

1978 Act of the UPOV Convention (cited as UPOV Convention 1978).

1991 Act of the UPOV Convention (cited as UPOV Convention 1991).

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: UN doc A/RES/2200

(XXI), annex; 21 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 16), at 49, U.N. Doc. A/6316 (1966), 993 U.N.T.S. 3; entered into force on 3 January 1976 (cited as ICESCR).

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: UN Doc A/RES/2200 (XXI), annex; 21

UN GAOR Supp. (No. 16) at 52, UN Doc. A/6316 (1966), 999 U.N.T.S. 171, entered into force on 23 March 1976 (cited as ICCPR).

Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, of 20 March 1883, as revised on 14 July 1967, 828 UNTS 305 (cited as Paris Convention).

Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Work, of 9 September 1886, as revised on 24 July 1971, 828 UNTS 221 (cited as Berne Convention).

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, adopted and opened for signature, ratification, and accession by General Assembly resolution 34/180 of 18 December 1979, entered into force on 3 September 1981, in accordance with article 27(1) (cited as Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women).

Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 22 May 1969, 1155 U.N.T.S. 331, entered into force on 27 January 1980 (cited as VCLT).

Convention on the Rights of the Child, adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 44/25 of 20 November 1989, entered into force on 2 September 1990 (cited as Convention on the Rights of the Child).

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), opened for signature on 4 June 1992, entered into force on 21 March 1994 (cited as UNFCCC).

Convention on Biological Diversity, 5 June 1992, 1760 UNTS 79, entered into force on 29 December 1993 (cited as CBD).

International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, adopted 2 November 2001 as Resolution 2001/3 of the 31st Session of the FAO Conference; entered into force on 29 June 2004 (cited as ITPGRFA).

Kyoto Protocol to the UNFCCC, entered into force on 16 February 2005 (cited as Kyoto Protocol).

ICSID Convention, Regulations and Rules, 15 April 2006 (cited as ICSID).

Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, UNESCO, 20 October 2005, entered into force on 18 March 2007.

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution A/RES/61/106 of 12 December 2006, entered into force on 3 May 2008 in accordance with article 45(1) (cited as the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities).

Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity, entered into force on 12 October 2014 (cited as Nagoya Protocol).

UN General Assembly (1960), Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples 1514 (XV), A/4684.

UN General Assembly (1961), Resolution Defining the Three Options for Self-Determination 1541 (XV), A/RES/1541.

UN General Assembly (2007), Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, A/RES/61/295.

UN General Assembly (2009), The Responsibility to Protect, A/RES/63/308.

UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (2011), HR/PUB/11/04 (cited as UN Guiding Principles).

Istanbul Declaration, Fourth UN Conference on the Least Developed Countries held in Istanbul, Turkey, on 9–13 May 2011, A/CONF.219/L.1.

UN General Assembly (2015), Transforming our World: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, A/RES/70/1.

UN General Assembly (2016), Global Health and Foreign Policy: Health Employment and Economic Growth, A/71/159.

Report of the United Nations Secretary-General’s High-Level Panel on Access to Medicines: Promoting Innovation and Access to Health Technologies, 2016 (cited as High-Level Panel on Access to Medicines).

UN General Assembly (2019), Political Declaration of the High-level Meeting on Universal Health Coverage, A/RES/74/2.

UN General Assembly (2022), Ensuring Equitable, Affordable, Timely and Universal Access for All Countries to Vaccines in Response to the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic, A/RES/76/175.

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, Punta Del Este Ministerial Declaration, 20 September 1986.

Communication from India, Standards and Principles Concerning the Availability, Scope and Use of Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights, 10 July 1989, MTN.GNG/NG11/W/37.

Communication from India, Applicability of the Basic Principles of the GATT and of Relevant International Intellectual Property Conventions, 5 September 1989, MTN.GNG/NG11/W/39.

Communication from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, Cuba, Egypt, India, Nigeria, Peru, Tanzania and Uruguay, 14 May 1990, MTG.GNG/NG11/W/71, 6–7.

Chairman of the Negotiating Group, Status of Work in the Negotiating Group – Chairman’s Report, 23 July 1990, MTN.GNG/NG11/W/76.

Draft Final Act Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations, Revision, Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, Including Trade in Counterfeit Report of the Conference of the Parties on its thirteenth session, held in Bali from 3 to 15 December 2007 Goods, 3 December 1990, MTN.TNC/W/35/Rev. 1.

Draft Final Act Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations (Dunkel Draft), excerpts pertaining to TRIPS, 20 December 1991, MTN.TNC/W/FA.

Ministerial Declaration Adopted on 14 November 2001, WTO Doc WT/MIN(01)/DEC/1 (cited as Ministerial Declaration 2001).

Implementation-Related Issues and Concerns, Decision of 14 November 2001, WTO Doc WT/MIN(01)/17.

Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, 20 November 2001, WT/MIN(01)/DEC/2 (cited as Doha Declaration).

Implementation of Article 66.2 of the TRIPS Agreement, Decision of the Council for TRIPS of 19 February 2003, WTO Doc IP/C/28.

General Council Decision on the Implementation of Paragraph 6 of the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, 30 August 2003, WTO Doc WT/L/540 and Corr.1.

Minutes of the Meeting, WTO General Council, 13 November 2003, WT/GC/M/82.

General Council Decision on the Amendment of the TRIPS Agreement, 8 December 2005, WTO Doc WT/L/641.

Rwanda, Notification Under Paragraph 2(a) of the Decision of 30 August 2003 on the Implementation of Paragraph 6 of the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health, 19 July 2007, Council for TRIPS, WTO Doc. IP/N/9/RWA/1.

Trade Negotiations Committee, Draft Decision to Enhance Mutual Supportiveness between the TRIPS Agreement and the Convention on Biological Diversity, Communication from Brazil, China, Colombia, Ecuador, India, Indonesia, Peru, Thailand, the ACP Group and the African Group, 19 April 2011, WTO Doc. TN/C/W/59.

Intervention of India on 10th Annual Review of Article 66.2 TRIPS Agreement, Council for TRIPS, November 2012 (available at https://www.keionline.org/22036).

Communication from Ecuador: Contribution of Intellectual Property to Facilitating the Transfer of Environmentally Sound Technology, 27 February 2013, Council for TRIPS, WTO Doc. IP/C/W/585.

Minutes of the Meeting, Council of the TRIPS, 27 February 2018, IP/C/M/88/Add.1.

Promoting Access to Medical Technologies and Innovation. Intersections Between Public Health, Intellectual Property and Trade (2nd Edition), WHO/WIPO/WTO, 2020.

Waiver from Certain Provisions of the TRIPS Agreement for the Prevention, Containment and Treatment of COVID-19 – Communication from India and South Africa, 2 October 2020, IP/C/W/669.

Extension of the Transition Period Under Article 66.1 for Least Developed Country Members, Decision of the Council for TRIPS of 29 June 2021, WTO Doc IP/C/88.

Bolivia Notification of Need to Import Pharmaceutical Products Under the Special Compulsory Licensing System, 11 May 2021, WTO Doc. IP/N/9/BOL/1.

Ministerial Decision on the TRIPS Agreement, 17 June 2022, WT/MIN(22)/30 WT/L/1141.

WIPO Copyright Treaty (adopted on 20 December 1996, entered into force 6 March 2002) (cited as WIPO Copyright Treaty).

WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty (adopted on 20 December 1996, entered into force on 20 May 2002) (cited as WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty).

Intellectual Property and Traditional Knowledge, WIPO, 2005, WIPO Publication No. 920(E).

WIPO Development Agenda, WIPO, 12 November 2007, WO/GA/34/16 (cited as WIPO Development Agenda).

Dissemination of Patent Information, WIPO, 18 February 2009, SCP/13/5.

WIPO Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights, Draft Consensus Instrument Proposal by the Delegation of the United States of America, June 2010, SCCR/20/10.

WIPO Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights, Comparative List of Proposals Related to Copyright Limitations and Exceptions for the Visually Impaired Persons and Other Persons with Print Disabilities, March 2011, SCCR/22/8.

WIPO, Committee on Development and Intellectual Property, “Project paper for the Project on Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer: Common Challenges-Building Solutions (Recommendations 19, 25, 26, and 28)”, 26 October 2011, CDIP/8/7.

WIPO Green The Sustainable Technology Marketplace, Charter, February 2013.

Draft Articles Protection of Traditional Knowledge, WIPO Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore, 2014, WIPO/GRTKF/IC/28/5.

Proposal by the African Group at the WIPO General Assembly, September 2014, WO/GA/46/6, Annex B.

Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons who are Blind, Visually Impaired or Otherwise Print Disabled (opened for signature 27 June 2013, entered into force on 30 September 2016) WIPO Doc VIP/DC/8 (cited as Marrakesh Treaty).

Report on the Implementation of Article 66.2 of the TRIPS Agreement (European Union), 16 February 2018, IP/C/W/631/Add.7

WIPO Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights, Thirty-Ninth Session, 2019, SCCR/39.

WIPO Global Innovation Index 2021, 20 September 2021, PR/2021/880.

Chair’s Text of a Draft International Legal Instrument Relating to Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and TR, WIPO Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore, 2022, WIPO/GRTKF/IC/43/5.

WIPO, Proposal by the African Group for a Draft work Program on Exceptions and Limitations, 8 March 2022, SCCR/42/4.

WIPO Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge (adopted on 24 May 2024) (cited as GRATK Treaty)

WIPO Copyright Treaty (adopted on 20 December 1996, entered into force on 6 March 2002) (cited as WIPO Copyright Treaty).

WHO (World Health Organization) CEWG (Consultative Expert Working Group), “Report of the Consultative Expert Working Group on Research and Development: Financing and Coordination”, 2012, A65/24.

Special Session of the World Health Assembly to Consider Developing a WHO Convention, Agreement or Other International Instrument on Pandemic Preparedness and Response, 31 May 2021, WHA74(16).

First Meeting of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Body to Draft and Negotiate a WHO Convention, Agreement or Other International Instrument on Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness and Response, Outcomes of the First Round of Public Meetings, 1 June 2022, WHO Doc. A/INB/1/10.

Negotiating Text of the WHO Convention, Agreement or Other International Instrument on Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness and Response, 23 October 2023, A/INB/X/7.

WHO Pandemic Agreement, 20 May 2025, WHA78.1.