This collection of thirteen essays is the product of a collaborative project on confessionalisation in East-Central Europe. This volume discusses the role of Jesuits in constructing Catholic identity from Pomerania to Transylvania during the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, with a particular focus on Jesuit styles of piety and religiosity. Jesuit strategies to gain converts and efforts to revive popular enthusiasm for Catholicism varied according to particular confessional and political contexts. In some areas Jesuits were faced with entrenched Protestant and Orthodox communities, while elsewhere the legal rights of religious minorities were being quickly undermined by Catholic monarchs. Working in this range of circumstances, Jesuits at times fostered traditional forms of Catholic piety. In late sixteenth-century Moravia, Stefan Samerski finds Jesuits at first willing to adapt patterns of pre-Reformation Catholic piety in order to gain the loyalty of local people. Maria Crăciun identifies a similar pattern in late sixteenth-century Transylvania. The missionary reports of Jesuits stationed in Transylvania were pragmatic in recognising the great impact made by Protestantism on local communities, and in response Jesuits promoted traditional forms of sacramental and other devotional rituals. In some contexts Jesuits tried therefore to adapt existing expressions of religious piety. However, elsewhere Jesuits introduced more innovative methods of communicating Catholic beliefs and offered novel styles of Catholic worship. Michal Šroněk analyses how the statues placed on the Charles Bridge in Prague became a new urban site to promote Catholic worship. Anna Ohlidal also emphasises the role of Jesuits in Prague in fostering new cults of local saints and in organising pilgrimages. Martin Čičo finds a similar role for Austrian Jesuits, and he particularly highlights how Jesuits organised processions to new Calvary sites being set up across their province during the latter decades of the seventeenth century. Other contributions in this volume focus on the role of Jesuits in education and the production of religious literature. In Hungary, Gábor Tüskés discusses the role of Jesuit literature in promoting Catholic lay piety in the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Pál Ács considers how the sermons of the Jesuit Cardinal Péter Pázmány challenged Protestant conceptions of history, and István Fazekas analyses the role of Jesuit piety in the education of Hungarian Catholic clergy at the seminary named after Pázmány in Vienna. Expressions of Jesuit piety are therefore considered in this collection as a reflection of changing social and political circumstances, and in the light of relations between Jesuits and other Catholic orders and institutions. Finally the role of Jesuits is considered in relation to non-Catholic religions. Marcin Wisłocki considers interaction between Jesuit and Evangelical forms of representing Christ in church art in Pomerania. Meanwhile Lilya Berezhnaya discusses theological arguments deployed by Piotr Skarga and others on death and salvation in the context of exchanges with the Orthodox Church around the period of the Union of Brest.