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The shallow-water echinoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) of Cuba

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 August 2014

Ruber Rodríguez-Barreras
Ruber Rodríguez-Barreras*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, PO Box 23360, San Juan, PR, 00931-3360
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: R. Rodríguez-Barreras, Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, PO Box 23360, San Juan, PR, 00931-3360 email: ruber.rodriguez@outlook.com

Abstract

This paper provides the most up to date list of the Cuban echinoid fauna. Habitat, depth range, distribution and localities in Cuba are presented for this group. I present here the most recent list of shallow-water sea urchins for the Cuban Archipelago. This catalogue increases the number of shallow-water sea urchins for Cuba to 23 species (subspecies included) distributed in seven orders and 19 genera. I have added the occurrence of the sea urchin Schizaster floridiensis for Cuban shallow waters, and expand the known regional distribution range for this species. Furthermore, I report here two new depth ranges for Schizaster floridiensis and Astropyga magnifica that now begin at ten and two metres depth respectively.

Keywords

EchinodermataEchinoideanew recordSchizaster floridiensisAstropyga magnificaCuba

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Marine Biodiversity Records , Volume 7 , 2014 , e86
Copyright
Copyright © Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 2014 

INTRODUCTION

Echinoderms are exclusively marine invertebrates with more than 7,000 extant species and more than 13,000 extinct species distributed in five classes (Durham et al., Reference Durham, Fell, Fisher, Wagner and Moore1966; Hendler et al., Reference Hendler, Miller, Pawson and Kier1995). Members of this phylum inhabit in different biotopes from the intertidal zone to the abyssal regions in all latitudes, and their presence is relevant in coral reef and other shallow waters ecosystems (Pawson, Reference Pawson1982; Miller & Pawson, Reference Miller and Pawson1989). The first studies in Cuba began with expeditions conducted by the US vessels ‘Blake’, ‘Fish Hawk’ and ‘Albatross’, during the second half of the 19th Century and the first quarter of the 20th Century (Del Valle et al., Reference Del Valle, Solís-Marín, Abreu Pérez, Laguarda-Figueras and Durán-González2005). Inconsistent fieldworks before the 1960s decreased the number of new reports and/or new species.

The class Echinoidea is represented in Cuba by 63 species distributed in 13 orders, 23 families and 35 genera (Del Valle-García et al., Reference Del Valle-García, Abreu-Pérez, Solís-Marín, Laguarda-Figueras, Alvarado-Barrientos and Solís-Marín2013); and where 21 species of them inhabit in shallow-waters (Del Valle et al., Reference Del Valle, Solís-Marín, Abreu Pérez, Laguarda-Figueras and Durán-González2005). Hence, a new record of the genus Schizaster (former Paraster) was added in the last decade (Rodríguez-Barreras et al., Reference Rodríguez-Barreras, del Valle-García, Solís-Marín and Abreu-Pérez2007). This small sea urchin remains burrowed in sandy substrates (Hendler et al., Reference Hendler, Miller, Pawson and Kier1995), and they are usually found because of the presence of the remains (tests) on the surface sediments (Chesher, Reference Hendler, Miller, Pawson and Kier1966; Rodríguez-Barreras et al., Reference Rodríguez-Barreras, Sabat and Calzada-Marrero2013). The genus Schizaster has been reported at several localities in the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico (Chesher, Reference Chesher1966; Kier, Reference Kier1975; Hendler et al., Reference Hendler, Miller, Pawson and Kier1995; Alvarado et al., Reference Alvarado, Solís-Marín and Ahearn2008; Solís-Marín et al., Reference Solís-Marín, Alvarado, Abreu-Pérez, Aguilera, Alió, Bacallado-Aránega, Barraza, Benavides-Serrato, Benítez-Villalobos, Betancourt-Fernández, Borges, Brandt, Brogger, Borrero-Pérez, Buitrón-Sánchez, Campos, Cantera, Clemente, Cohen-Renjifo, Coppard, Costa-Lotufo, del Valle-García, Díaz, Díaz de Vivar, Díaz-Martínez, Durán-González, Epherra, Escolar, Francisco, Freire, García-Arrarás, Gil, Guarderas, Hadel, Hearn, Hernández, Hernández-Delgado, Herrera-Moreno, Herrero-Pérezrul, Hooker, Honey-Escandón, Lodeiros, Luzuriaga, Manso, Martín, Martinez, Martínez, Moro-Abad, Mutschke, Navarro, Neira, Noriega, Palleiro-Nayar, Pérez, Pérez-Ruzafa, Prieto-Rios, Reyes, Rodríguez-Barreras, Rubilar, Sancho-Mejía, Sangil, Silva, Sonnenholzner, Ventura, Tablado, Tavares, Tiago, Tuya, Williams, Alvarado-Barrientos and Solís-Marín2013), but not yet for the Cuba Archipelago.

Recently a new catalogue of the Cuban crinoids was published by Rodríguez-Barreras & Messing (Reference Rodríguez-Barreras and Messing2013). Now, the present paper represents a second effort to provide the most updated list of the Cuban shallow-water sea urchins, and include a new record for Cuba. Furthermore, I provide valuable information about habitat, depth range, general distribution, and localities in Cuba where the species have been previously reported.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This new list is based on information from marine collections in Cuba at the National Aquarium of Cuba, and the ‘Felipe Poey’ Museum at the University of Havana (Del Valle et al., Reference Del Valle, Solís-Marín, Abreu Pérez, Laguarda-Figueras and Durán-González2005). The taxonomic classification was updated following Solís-Marín et al., (Reference Solís-Marín, Alvarado, Abreu-Pérez, Aguilera, Alió, Bacallado-Aránega, Barraza, Benavides-Serrato, Benítez-Villalobos, Betancourt-Fernández, Borges, Brandt, Brogger, Borrero-Pérez, Buitrón-Sánchez, Campos, Cantera, Clemente, Cohen-Renjifo, Coppard, Costa-Lotufo, del Valle-García, Díaz, Díaz de Vivar, Díaz-Martínez, Durán-González, Epherra, Escolar, Francisco, Freire, García-Arrarás, Gil, Guarderas, Hadel, Hearn, Hernández, Hernández-Delgado, Herrera-Moreno, Herrero-Pérezrul, Hooker, Honey-Escandón, Lodeiros, Luzuriaga, Manso, Martín, Martinez, Martínez, Moro-Abad, Mutschke, Navarro, Neira, Noriega, Palleiro-Nayar, Pérez, Pérez-Ruzafa, Prieto-Rios, Reyes, Rodríguez-Barreras, Rubilar, Sancho-Mejía, Sangil, Silva, Sonnenholzner, Ventura, Tablado, Tavares, Tiago, Tuya, Williams, Alvarado-Barrientos and Solís-Marín2013) and the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS, www.marinespecies.org). The criterion for shallow-water was set at 60 m depth (Rodríguez-Barreras et al., Reference Rodríguez-Barreras, Sabat and Calzada-Marrero2013). Two tests under the name of Paraster doederleini Chesher 1972, and deposited in the collection of the National Aquarium of Cuba were reanalysed in detail.

RESULTS

The present study presents a list of 23 echinoids (subspecies included), distributed in 7 orders and 19 genera. In addition, I add a new record (Schizaster floridiensis) for Cuban shallow waters.

Phylum ECHINODERMATA Klein, 1754

Class ECHINOIDEA Leske, 1778

Order CIDAROIDEA Claus, 1880

Family CIDARIDAE Gray, 1825

Genus Eucidaris Pomel, 1883

Eucidaris tribuloides tribuloides (Lamarck, 1816)

DISTRIBUTION

Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, Gulf of Mexico, Central America (Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama), south throughout the Caribbean to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Abreu et al., Reference Abreu-Pérez, Solís-Marín and Laguarda-Figueras2000; Borrero-Pérez et al., Reference Borrero-Pérez, Solano and Benavides-Serrato2002; Herrera-Moreno & Betancourt, Reference Herrera-Moreno and Betancourt2004; Durán-González et al., Reference Durán-González, Laguarda-Figueras, Solís-Marín, Biutrón-Sánchez, Ahearn and Torres-Vega2005; Laguarda-Figueras et al., Reference Laguarda-Figueras, Solís-Marín, Durán-González, Ahearn, Buitrón-Sánchez and Torres-Vega2005; Benavides-Serrato, Reference Benavides-Serrato2006; Alvarado et al., Reference Alvarado, Solís-Marín and Ahearn2008; Pawson et al., Reference Pawson, Vance, Messing, Solís-Marín, Mah, Feder and Camp2009; Solís-Marín et al., Reference Solís-Marín, Alvarado, Abreu-Pérez, Aguilera, Alió, Bacallado-Aránega, Barraza, Benavides-Serrato, Benítez-Villalobos, Betancourt-Fernández, Borges, Brandt, Brogger, Borrero-Pérez, Buitrón-Sánchez, Campos, Cantera, Clemente, Cohen-Renjifo, Coppard, Costa-Lotufo, del Valle-García, Díaz, Díaz de Vivar, Díaz-Martínez, Durán-González, Epherra, Escolar, Francisco, Freire, García-Arrarás, Gil, Guarderas, Hadel, Hearn, Hernández, Hernández-Delgado, Herrera-Moreno, Herrero-Pérezrul, Hooker, Honey-Escandón, Lodeiros, Luzuriaga, Manso, Martín, Martinez, Martínez, Moro-Abad, Mutschke, Navarro, Neira, Noriega, Palleiro-Nayar, Pérez, Pérez-Ruzafa, Prieto-Rios, Reyes, Rodríguez-Barreras, Rubilar, Sancho-Mejía, Sangil, Silva, Sonnenholzner, Ventura, Tablado, Tavares, Tiago, Tuya, Williams, Alvarado-Barrientos and Solís-Marín2013).

CUBAN LOCALITIES

South of Guanahacabibes Peninsula, off Havana, north of Artemisa and Mayabeque provinces, Keys Diego Pérez, Cantiles, Juan García, Sigua, Guillermo, Media Luna, Fragoso, north coast of Boca Chica and Confites Keys, and the east coast of Romano Key, Punta del Este (Isle of Youth), Canarreos Archipelago, Santa Clara Bay, Santa Lucía, Recalo, Strombus, and Maternillo beaches, north of Tortuguillas, Isabela de Sagua (Sabana-Camagüey Archipelago), Girón Beach (south of Matanzas), Jardines de La Reina, and Cape Cruz (Suárez, Reference Suárez1974; Del Valle et al., Reference Del Valle, Solís-Marín, Abreu Pérez, Laguarda-Figueras and Durán-González2005).

REMARKS

There is another sub-species (Eucidaris tribuloides africana Mortensen, 1909), distributed from the Cape Verde Islands and the Gulf of Guinea (Hendler et al., Reference Hendler, Miller, Pawson and Kier1995).

Genus Stylocidaris Mortensen, 1909

Stylocidaris affinis (Philippi, 1845)

DEPTH RANGE

From 22 to 1000 m, but is most common between 50 and 200 m (Boone, Reference Boone1933; Serafy, Reference Serafy1979).

CUBAN LOCALITIES

Baracoa (north-east of Havana), Cochinos and Matanzas Bay, Caibarién, Punta Alegre (Villa Clara) and Tánamo Harbor (Suárez, Reference Suárez1974; Abreu et al., Reference Abreu-Pérez, Solís-Marín and Laguarda-Figueras2000).

Order DIADEMATOIDA Duncan, 1889

Family DIADEMATIDAE Gray, 1855

Genus Astropyga Gray, 1825

Astropyga magnifica A.H. Clark, 1934

HABITAT

In muddy and sandy bottoms, limestones, seagrass beds and mixed substrates (Hendler et al., Reference Hendler, Miller, Pawson and Kier1995).

DISTRIBUTION

This species has been reported from South Carolina, the south-eastern Gulf of Mexico, Panama, through the Greater and Lesser Antilles to Panama, Colombia, Venezuela and Surinam (Serafy, Reference Serafy1979; Borrero-Pérez et al., Reference Borrero-Pérez, Solano and Benavides-Serrato2002; Del Valle-García et al., 2005; Durán-González et al., Reference Durán-González, Laguarda-Figueras, Solís-Marín, Biutrón-Sánchez, Ahearn and Torres-Vega2005; Benavides-Serrato, Reference Benavides-Serrato2006; Alvarado et al., Reference Alvarado, Solís-Marín and Ahearn2008; Pawson et al., Reference Pawson, Vance, Messing, Solís-Marín, Mah, Feder and Camp2009).

CUBAN LOCALITIES

North-east coast of Havana (Municipio Playa) and Pinar del Río (La Ortigosa) (Espinosa et al., Reference Espinosa, Abreu and Gómez1997; Abreu et al., Reference Abreu-Pérez, Solís-Marín and Laguarda-Figueras2000).

Genus Diadema Gray, 1825

Diadema antillarum Philippi, 1845

HABITAT

Coral reef ecosystems, associated with mangrove roots, sand flats and rocky hard grounds (Serafy, Reference Serafy1979; Hendler et al., Reference Hendler, Miller, Pawson and Kier1995). Occasionally, the species can be found within seagrass meadows associated with small rocky patches (personal observation).

CUBAN LOCALITIES

Off Havana, Punta del Este (Isle of Youth), Ensenada de Corrientes and Guanahacabibes (Pinar del Río), Diego Pérez, Cantiles, and Juan García Keys (Gulf of Batabanó), Recalo, Strombus, and Maternillo beaches (Sabana-Camagüey Archipelago), north of Artemisa and Mayabeque provinces, and Jardines de la Reina Archipelago (south-east of Cuba).

REMARKS

The species used to be present in the eastern Atlantic (Madeira, the Gulf of Guinea, Cape Verde, Canary and Annabón Island) under the name Diadema aff. antillarum. Now, populations of the eastern Atlantic belong to the new species Diadema africanum (Rodríguez et al., Reference Rodríguez, Hernández, Clemente and Coppard2013), and this change restricted the distribution of D. antillarum only for the western Atlantic.

Order ARBACIOIDA Gregory, 1900

Family ARBACIIDAE Gray, 1855

Genus Arbacia Gray, 1835

Arbacia punctulata (Lamarck, 1816)

CUBAN LOCALITIES

North coast of Pinar del Río, Cabañas Bay and Hicacos Peninsula (Abreu et al., Reference Abreu-Pérez, Solís-Marín and Laguarda-Figueras2000; Del Valle et al., Reference Del Valle, Solís-Marín, Abreu Pérez, Laguarda-Figueras and Durán-González2005).

Genus Podocidaris A. Agassiz, 1869

Podocidaris sculpta A. Agassiz, 1869

CUBAN LOCALITIES

Cove San Lázaro and El Chivo Beach, both sites in the western part of the Havana Bay (Espinosa et al., Reference Espinosa, Abreu and Gómez1997; Del Valle et al., Reference Del Valle, Solís-Marín, Abreu Pérez, Laguarda-Figueras and Durán-González2005).

Family TOXOPNEUSTIDAE Troschel, 1872

Genus Lytechinus A. Agassiz, 1863

Lytechinus variegatus variegatus (Lamarck, 1816)

DISTRIBUTION

Beaufort, North Carolina, southward throughout the Caribbean to Santos, Brazil. Also occurs in Bermudas, Gulf of Mexico, Central America: Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Salvador, Costa Rica and Panama (Serafy, Reference Serafy1979; Hendler et al., Reference Hendler, Miller, Pawson and Kier1995; Laguarda-Figueras et al., Reference Laguarda-Figueras, Solís-Marín, Durán-González, Ahearn, Buitrón-Sánchez and Torres-Vega2005; Benavides-Serrato, Reference Benavides-Serrato2006; Alvarado et al., Reference Alvarado, Solís-Marín and Ahearn2008; Pawson et al., Reference Pawson, Vance, Messing, Solís-Marín, Mah, Feder and Camp2009; Solís-Marín et al., Reference Solís-Marín, Alvarado, Abreu-Pérez, Aguilera, Alió, Bacallado-Aránega, Barraza, Benavides-Serrato, Benítez-Villalobos, Betancourt-Fernández, Borges, Brandt, Brogger, Borrero-Pérez, Buitrón-Sánchez, Campos, Cantera, Clemente, Cohen-Renjifo, Coppard, Costa-Lotufo, del Valle-García, Díaz, Díaz de Vivar, Díaz-Martínez, Durán-González, Epherra, Escolar, Francisco, Freire, García-Arrarás, Gil, Guarderas, Hadel, Hearn, Hernández, Hernández-Delgado, Herrera-Moreno, Herrero-Pérezrul, Hooker, Honey-Escandón, Lodeiros, Luzuriaga, Manso, Martín, Martinez, Martínez, Moro-Abad, Mutschke, Navarro, Neira, Noriega, Palleiro-Nayar, Pérez, Pérez-Ruzafa, Prieto-Rios, Reyes, Rodríguez-Barreras, Rubilar, Sancho-Mejía, Sangil, Silva, Sonnenholzner, Ventura, Tablado, Tavares, Tiago, Tuya, Williams, Alvarado-Barrientos and Solís-Marín2013).

CUBAN LOCALITIES

Off Havana coast, Siguanea Bay (Isle of Youth), Matanzas and Cárdenas bays, Ensenada de Santa Lucía, Beach Recalo (north of Confites Key). Las Morlas (Hicacos Peninsula), Carahatas Bay, Iguana and Pajonal Keys, Nuevitas Bay, Conuco, Ratón, Fragoso and Guillermo Keys (Sabana-Camagüey Archipelago), Diego Pérez, Cantiles, and Juan García Keys (Gulf of Batabanó) and Santa Clara Bay (Del Valle et al., Reference Del Valle, Solís-Marín, Abreu Pérez, Laguarda-Figueras and Durán-González2005).

Lytechinus variegatus carolinus A. Agassiz, 1863

DISTRIBUTION

From Cape Hatteras in North Carolina, south of Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Cuba (Serafy, Reference Serafy1979).

CUBAN LOCALITIES

In front of the Institute of Oceanography (Playa), Alamar neighbourhood (East Havana), and close to the mouth of the River El mosquito, all three sites off Havana (Espinosa et al., Reference Espinosa, Abreu and Gómez1997; Abreu et al., Reference Abreu-Pérez, Solís-Marín and Laguarda-Figueras2000; Del Valle et al., Reference Del Valle, Solís-Marín, Abreu Pérez, Laguarda-Figueras and Durán-González2005).

Lytechinus williamsi Chesher, 1968

CUBAN LOCALITIES

Punta Seboruco in Jardines de la Reina Archipelago (Abreu-Pérez & Del Valle, Reference Abreu-Pérez and Del Valle-García1998).

Genus Tripneustes L. Agassiz, 1841

Tripneustes ventricosus (Lamarck, 1816)

HABITAT

Common in sand bottoms of seagrass meadows (Hendler et al., Reference Hendler, Miller, Pawson and Kier1995), but also in back reef zones where wave exposure is low (personal observation).

DISTRIBUTION

Florida, Bermudas south to Brazil. Cuba, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Haiti, Puerto Rico, Belize, Honduras, Salvador, Costa Rica, and Panama. Also off West Africa, Ascension, Fernando de Noronha, and Trinidad Islands (Serafy, Reference Serafy1979; Hendler et al., Reference Hendler, Miller, Pawson and Kier1995; Herrera-Moreno & Betancourt, Reference Herrera-Moreno and Betancourt2004; Durán-González et al., Reference Durán-González, Laguarda-Figueras, Solís-Marín, Biutrón-Sánchez, Ahearn and Torres-Vega2005; Benavides-Serrato, Reference Benavides-Serrato2006; Alvarado et al., Reference Alvarado, Solís-Marín and Ahearn2008; Pawson et al., Reference Pawson, Vance, Messing, Solís-Marín, Mah, Feder and Camp2009).

CUBAN LOCALITIES

Off Havana, Diego Pérez and Cantiles Keys, Punta del Este (Isle of Youth), Los Canarreos Archipelago (Gulf of Batabanó), Girón Beach (south of Matanzas), Recalo, Santa Lucía, Strombus, and Maternillo beaches, west of Guajaba Key, and the north of Boca Chica, Flores, Santa María, Media Luna, north of Artemisa and Mayabeque Provinces, and Fragoso Keys in Sabana-Camagüey Archipelago (Arango & Molina, Reference Arango and Molina1877; Suárez, Reference Suárez1974; Del Valle et al., Reference Del Valle, Solís-Marín, Abreu Pérez, Laguarda-Figueras and Durán-González2005).

Order ECHINOIDA Troschal, 1872

Family ECHINOMETRIDAE Gray, 1825

Genus Echinometra Gray, 1825

Echinometra lucunter lucunter (Linnaeus, 1758)

HABITAT

Common in intertidal zones, where the species occurs at high densities in small holes created by its erosive action in limestone rocks generally, but also in rocky patches within seagrass beds and reef crests.

DEPTH RANGE

From 0 to 45 m (Serafy, Reference Serafy1979).

DISTRIBUTION

Beaufort, from North Carolina and Bermudas throughout the Gulf of Mexico, southward throughout the Caribbean (Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica and Puerto Rico) and eastern Central America (Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Salvador, Costa Rica and Panama), Colombia, Venezuela, Surinam, the Lesser Antilles down to Desterra (Brazil), and West Africa (Serafy, Reference Serafy1979; Hendler et al., Reference Hendler, Miller, Pawson and Kier1995; Laguarda-Figueras et al., Reference Laguarda-Figueras, Solís-Marín, Durán-González, Ahearn, Buitrón-Sánchez and Torres-Vega2005; Benavides-Serrato, Reference Benavides-Serrato2006; Alvarado et al., Reference Alvarado, Solís-Marín and Ahearn2008; Pawson et al., Reference Pawson, Vance, Messing, Solís-Marín, Mah, Feder and Camp2009; Solís-Marín et al., Reference Solís-Marín, Alvarado, Abreu-Pérez, Aguilera, Alió, Bacallado-Aránega, Barraza, Benavides-Serrato, Benítez-Villalobos, Betancourt-Fernández, Borges, Brandt, Brogger, Borrero-Pérez, Buitrón-Sánchez, Campos, Cantera, Clemente, Cohen-Renjifo, Coppard, Costa-Lotufo, del Valle-García, Díaz, Díaz de Vivar, Díaz-Martínez, Durán-González, Epherra, Escolar, Francisco, Freire, García-Arrarás, Gil, Guarderas, Hadel, Hearn, Hernández, Hernández-Delgado, Herrera-Moreno, Herrero-Pérezrul, Hooker, Honey-Escandón, Lodeiros, Luzuriaga, Manso, Martín, Martinez, Martínez, Moro-Abad, Mutschke, Navarro, Neira, Noriega, Palleiro-Nayar, Pérez, Pérez-Ruzafa, Prieto-Rios, Reyes, Rodríguez-Barreras, Rubilar, Sancho-Mejía, Sangil, Silva, Sonnenholzner, Ventura, Tablado, Tavares, Tiago, Tuya, Williams, Alvarado-Barrientos and Solís-Marín2013).

CUBAN LOCALITIES

Guanahacabibes Peninsula, Ensenada de Corrientes (south of Pinar del Río), Las Morlas (south of Punta Hicacos), Matanzas Bay, Girón Beach, Punta del Este (Isle of Youth), Cantiles Key (Gulf of Batabanó), off Havana, north of Artemisa and Mayabeque provinces, and Sabana-Camagüey Archipelago (Arango & Molina, Reference Arango and Molina1877; Del Valle et al., Reference Del Valle, Solís-Marín, Abreu Pérez, Laguarda-Figueras and Durán-González2005).

Echinometra viridis A. Agassiz, 1863

HABITAT

Coral reefs and other rocky areas, crevices, under rubble, on blanching corals, or in sandy areas associated with shell or rocky patches, and associated with mangrove keys (Hendler et al., Reference Hendler, Miller, Pawson and Kier1995).

DEPTH RANGE

From 0 to 40 m (Serafy, Reference Serafy1979).

CUBAN LOCALITIES

Canales de Barlovento, Canarreos Archipelago (Gulf of Batabanó), off Havana, north of Artemisa and Mayabeque Provinces, Isle of Youth, south of Hicacos Peninsula, Girón and Larga beaches, Cochinos Bay (south of Matanzas), Jururú Beach (north of Holguín), and Sabana-Camagüey Archipelago (Del Valle et al., Reference Del Valle, Solís-Marín, Abreu Pérez, Laguarda-Figueras and Durán-González2005).

Order HOLECTYPOIDA Duncan, 1889

Family ECHINONEIDAE Agassiz & Désor, 1847

Genus Echinoneus van Phelsum, 1774

Echinoneus cyclostomus Leske, 1778

DISTRIBUTION

Occurs throughout the tropics of the world (Hendler et al., Reference Hendler, Miller, Pawson and Kier1995). It has been reported for the Gulf of Mexico, Central America (Belize, Honduras, Costa Rica and Panama), the Greater (Cuba, Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico), and the Lesser Antilles (Serafy, Reference Serafy1979; Hendler et al., Reference Hendler, Miller, Pawson and Kier1995; Abreu et al., Reference Abreu-Pérez, Solís-Marín and Laguarda-Figueras2000; Herrera-Moreno et al., Reference Herrera-Moreno and Betancourt2004; Alvarado et al., Reference Alvarado, Solís-Marín and Ahearn2008; Pawson et al., Reference Pawson, Vance, Messing, Solís-Marín, Mah, Feder and Camp2009; Rodríguez-Barreras et al., Reference Rodríguez-Barreras, Sabat and Calzada-Marrero2012; Solís-Marín et al., Reference Solís-Marín, Alvarado, Abreu-Pérez, Aguilera, Alió, Bacallado-Aránega, Barraza, Benavides-Serrato, Benítez-Villalobos, Betancourt-Fernández, Borges, Brandt, Brogger, Borrero-Pérez, Buitrón-Sánchez, Campos, Cantera, Clemente, Cohen-Renjifo, Coppard, Costa-Lotufo, del Valle-García, Díaz, Díaz de Vivar, Díaz-Martínez, Durán-González, Epherra, Escolar, Francisco, Freire, García-Arrarás, Gil, Guarderas, Hadel, Hearn, Hernández, Hernández-Delgado, Herrera-Moreno, Herrero-Pérezrul, Hooker, Honey-Escandón, Lodeiros, Luzuriaga, Manso, Martín, Martinez, Martínez, Moro-Abad, Mutschke, Navarro, Neira, Noriega, Palleiro-Nayar, Pérez, Pérez-Ruzafa, Prieto-Rios, Reyes, Rodríguez-Barreras, Rubilar, Sancho-Mejía, Sangil, Silva, Sonnenholzner, Ventura, Tablado, Tavares, Tiago, Tuya, Williams, Alvarado-Barrientos and Solís-Marín2013).

CUBAN LOCALITIES

La Francesita Beach, on north-west coast of Havana (Del Valle et al., Reference Del Valle, Solís-Marín, Abreu Pérez, Laguarda-Figueras and Durán-González2005).

Order CLYPEASTEROIDA A. Agassiz, 1872

Family CLYPEASTERIDAE L. Agassiz, 1835

Genus Clypeaster Lamarck, 1801

Clypeaster rosaceus (Linnaeus, 1758)

HABITAT

In turtle grass beds, or sand fields bordering turtle grass beds (Hendler et al., 2005).

DEPTH RANGE

From 0 to 285 m, but it is most common in shallow waters (Serafy, Reference Serafy1979).

DISTRIBUTION

From South Carolina up to Barbados, Gulf of Mexico, Greater Antilles (Cuba, Jamaica, Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico), Central America (Belize and Panama), Colombia, Venezuela (Serafy, Reference Serafy1979; Hendler et al., Reference Hendler, Miller, Pawson and Kier1995; Borrero-Pérez et al., Reference Borrero-Pérez, Solano and Benavides-Serrato2002; Herrera-Moreno & Betancourt, Reference Herrera-Moreno and Betancourt2004; Laguarda-Figueras et al., Reference Laguarda-Figueras, Solís-Marín, Durán-González, Ahearn, Buitrón-Sánchez and Torres-Vega2005; Benavides-Serrato, Reference Benavides-Serrato2006; Alvarado et al., Reference Alvarado, Solís-Marín and Ahearn2008; Pawson et al., Reference Pawson, Vance, Messing, Solís-Marín, Mah, Feder and Camp2009; Solís-Marín et al. Reference Solís-Marín, Alvarado, Abreu-Pérez, Aguilera, Alió, Bacallado-Aránega, Barraza, Benavides-Serrato, Benítez-Villalobos, Betancourt-Fernández, Borges, Brandt, Brogger, Borrero-Pérez, Buitrón-Sánchez, Campos, Cantera, Clemente, Cohen-Renjifo, Coppard, Costa-Lotufo, del Valle-García, Díaz, Díaz de Vivar, Díaz-Martínez, Durán-González, Epherra, Escolar, Francisco, Freire, García-Arrarás, Gil, Guarderas, Hadel, Hearn, Hernández, Hernández-Delgado, Herrera-Moreno, Herrero-Pérezrul, Hooker, Honey-Escandón, Lodeiros, Luzuriaga, Manso, Martín, Martinez, Martínez, Moro-Abad, Mutschke, Navarro, Neira, Noriega, Palleiro-Nayar, Pérez, Pérez-Ruzafa, Prieto-Rios, Reyes, Rodríguez-Barreras, Rubilar, Sancho-Mejía, Sangil, Silva, Sonnenholzner, Ventura, Tablado, Tavares, Tiago, Tuya, Williams, Alvarado-Barrientos and Solís-Marín2013).

CUBAN LOCALITIES

Guanahacabibes Peninsula, Diego Pérez Lagoon, Punta del Este (Isle of Youth), Cabañas Bay (Pinar del Río), off Havana, north coast of Artemisa and Mayabeque Provinces, Las Morlas, Hicacos Peninsula, Recalo, Santa Lucía, Strombus, and Maternillo beaches, north of La Tortuguilla, west of Guajaba Key, north of Confites Key, Santa Clara Bay, Fragoso Key, east of Santa María Key, north of Flores Key, Media Luna, and Guillermo Keys in Sabana Camagüey Archipelago (Suárez, Reference Suárez1974; Del Valle et al., Reference Del Valle, Solís-Marín, Abreu Pérez, Laguarda-Figueras and Durán-González2005).

Clypeaster subdepressus (Gray, 1825)

DEPTH RANGE

From 1 to 50 m (Hendler et al., Reference Hendler, Miller, Pawson and Kier1995). This depth range was increased up to 210 m; however, this new limit (210 m) has been refused by Hopkins (Reference Hopkins, Burke, Mladenov, Lambert and Parsley1988).

CUBAN LOCALITIES

Off Havana and off Banes in the north-east part of Cuba (Suárez, Reference Suárez1974; Abreu et al., Reference Abreu-Pérez, Solís-Marín and Laguarda-Figueras2000).

Family MELLITIDAE Stefanini, 1911

Genus Encope L. Agassiz, 1840

Encope michelini L. Agassiz, 1841

HABITAT

Occurs in fine to coarse sand with little or no seagrass beds or filamentous algae (Hendler et al., Reference Hendler, Miller, Pawson and Kier1995).

CUBAN LOCALITIES

Undetermined specific sites according to Del Valle et al. (Reference Del Valle, Solís-Marín, Abreu Pérez, Laguarda-Figueras and Durán-González2005).

Genus Leodia Gray, 1852

Leodia sexiesperforata (Leske, 1778)

DISTRIBUTION

Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, Bermudas, southward around the tip of Florida into the south-eastern Gulf of Mexico as far north as Sanibel Island, the Yucatan Peninsula, Central America (Belize, Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica and Panama), the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Puerto Rico and Dominican Republic), the Lesser Antilles, and from the coast of northern South America to Uruguay (Serafy, Reference Serafy1979; Hendler et al., Reference Hendler, Miller, Pawson and Kier1995; Herrera-Moreno & Betancourt, Reference Herrera-Moreno and Betancourt2004; Alvarado et al., Reference Alvarado, Solís-Marín and Ahearn2008; Pawson et al., Reference Pawson, Vance, Messing, Solís-Marín, Mah, Feder and Camp2009; Rodríguez-Barreras et al., Reference Rodríguez-Barreras, Sabat and Calzada-Marrero2013; Solís-Marín et al., Reference Solís-Marín, Alvarado, Abreu-Pérez, Aguilera, Alió, Bacallado-Aránega, Barraza, Benavides-Serrato, Benítez-Villalobos, Betancourt-Fernández, Borges, Brandt, Brogger, Borrero-Pérez, Buitrón-Sánchez, Campos, Cantera, Clemente, Cohen-Renjifo, Coppard, Costa-Lotufo, del Valle-García, Díaz, Díaz de Vivar, Díaz-Martínez, Durán-González, Epherra, Escolar, Francisco, Freire, García-Arrarás, Gil, Guarderas, Hadel, Hearn, Hernández, Hernández-Delgado, Herrera-Moreno, Herrero-Pérezrul, Hooker, Honey-Escandón, Lodeiros, Luzuriaga, Manso, Martín, Martinez, Martínez, Moro-Abad, Mutschke, Navarro, Neira, Noriega, Palleiro-Nayar, Pérez, Pérez-Ruzafa, Prieto-Rios, Reyes, Rodríguez-Barreras, Rubilar, Sancho-Mejía, Sangil, Silva, Sonnenholzner, Ventura, Tablado, Tavares, Tiago, Tuya, Williams, Alvarado-Barrientos and Solís-Marín2013).

CUBAN LOCALITIES

The ‘Thelman’, Travieso, and Dios Keys, Punta del Este (Isle of Youth), Matanzas Bay, Hicacos Peninsula, Strombus, Maternillo Keys, the north coast of La Tortuguilla, and Santa María in Sabana-Camagüey Archipelago (Arango & Molina, Reference Arango and Molina1877; Corvea et al., Reference Corvea, Abreu, Alcolado and Alcolado1990; Abreu et al., Reference Abreu-Pérez, Solís-Marín and Laguarda-Figueras2000; Del Valle et al., Reference Del Valle, Solís-Marín, Abreu Pérez, Laguarda-Figueras and Durán-González2005).

Genus Mellita L. Agassiz, 1841

Mellita quinquiesperforata (Leske, 1778)

HABITAT

Shallow waters siliceous sediments, in zones of high wave action, but also in muddy bottoms or rubble (Hendler et al., Reference Hendler, Miller, Pawson and Kier1995; Solís-Marín et al., 2003).

DISTRIBUTION

From Cape Cod, to Florida, the Gulf of Mexico, east coast of Mexico, the Greater and Lesser Antilles (Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico and Jamaica), the Central American (Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama), and South American coast to São Paulo, Brazil (Serafy, Reference Serafy1979; Hendler et al., Reference Hendler, Miller, Pawson and Kier1995; Alvarado et al., Reference Alvarado, Solís-Marín and Ahearn2008; Pawson et al., Reference Pawson, Vance, Messing, Solís-Marín, Mah, Feder and Camp2009; Rodríguez-Barreras et al., Reference Rodríguez-Barreras, Sabat and Calzada-Marrero2013; Solís-Marín et al., Reference Solís-Marín, Alvarado, Abreu-Pérez, Aguilera, Alió, Bacallado-Aránega, Barraza, Benavides-Serrato, Benítez-Villalobos, Betancourt-Fernández, Borges, Brandt, Brogger, Borrero-Pérez, Buitrón-Sánchez, Campos, Cantera, Clemente, Cohen-Renjifo, Coppard, Costa-Lotufo, del Valle-García, Díaz, Díaz de Vivar, Díaz-Martínez, Durán-González, Epherra, Escolar, Francisco, Freire, García-Arrarás, Gil, Guarderas, Hadel, Hearn, Hernández, Hernández-Delgado, Herrera-Moreno, Herrero-Pérezrul, Hooker, Honey-Escandón, Lodeiros, Luzuriaga, Manso, Martín, Martinez, Martínez, Moro-Abad, Mutschke, Navarro, Neira, Noriega, Palleiro-Nayar, Pérez, Pérez-Ruzafa, Prieto-Rios, Reyes, Rodríguez-Barreras, Rubilar, Sancho-Mejía, Sangil, Silva, Sonnenholzner, Ventura, Tablado, Tavares, Tiago, Tuya, Williams, Alvarado-Barrientos and Solís-Marín2013).

CUBAN LOCALITIES

Matanzas and Santa Clara Bays, north of Camagüey (Arango & Molina, Reference Arango and Molina1877; Suárez, Reference Suárez1974; Corvea et al., Reference Corvea, Abreu, Alcolado and Alcolado1990; Abreu et al., Reference Abreu-Pérez, Solís-Marín and Laguarda-Figueras2000; Del Valle et al., Reference Del Valle, Solís-Marín, Abreu Pérez, Laguarda-Figueras and Durán-González2005).

Order SPATANGOIDA Claus, 1876

Family BRISSIDAE Gray, 1855

Genus Brissus Gray, 1825

Brissus unicolor (Leske, 1778)

DISTRIBUTION

Bermudas, Florida, the Gulf of Mexico, Greater (Cuba, Puerto Rico and Dominican Republic) and Lesser Antilles, Central America (Belize, Honduras, Costa Rica and Panama), and throughout the Caribbean to Brazil. In addition, the species occurs in the Mediterranean Sea, the Adriatic Sea, Cape Verde Islands, and the Azores (Hendler et al., Reference Hendler, Miller, Pawson and Kier1995; Herrera-Moreno & Betancourt, Reference Herrera-Moreno and Betancourt2004; Alvarado et al., Reference Alvarado, Solís-Marín and Ahearn2008; Pawson et al., Reference Pawson, Vance, Messing, Solís-Marín, Mah, Feder and Camp2009; Rodríguez-Barreras et al., Reference Rodríguez-Barreras, Sabat and Calzada-Marrero2013; Solís-Marín et al., Reference Solís-Marín, Alvarado, Abreu-Pérez, Aguilera, Alió, Bacallado-Aránega, Barraza, Benavides-Serrato, Benítez-Villalobos, Betancourt-Fernández, Borges, Brandt, Brogger, Borrero-Pérez, Buitrón-Sánchez, Campos, Cantera, Clemente, Cohen-Renjifo, Coppard, Costa-Lotufo, del Valle-García, Díaz, Díaz de Vivar, Díaz-Martínez, Durán-González, Epherra, Escolar, Francisco, Freire, García-Arrarás, Gil, Guarderas, Hadel, Hearn, Hernández, Hernández-Delgado, Herrera-Moreno, Herrero-Pérezrul, Hooker, Honey-Escandón, Lodeiros, Luzuriaga, Manso, Martín, Martinez, Martínez, Moro-Abad, Mutschke, Navarro, Neira, Noriega, Palleiro-Nayar, Pérez, Pérez-Ruzafa, Prieto-Rios, Reyes, Rodríguez-Barreras, Rubilar, Sancho-Mejía, Sangil, Silva, Sonnenholzner, Ventura, Tablado, Tavares, Tiago, Tuya, Williams, Alvarado-Barrientos and Solís-Marín2013).

CUBAN LOCALITIES

Off Havana, La Bajada (south-west of Cuba), and Santa Clara Bay (Pérez-Farfante, Reference Pérez-Farfante1959; Abreu et al., Reference Abreu-Pérez, Solís-Marín and Laguarda-Figueras2000).

Genus Meoma Gray, 1851

Meoma ventricosa ventricosa (Lamarck, 1816)

DISTRIBUTION

Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Bahamas, the Gulf of Mexico, east coast of Mexico, Central America (Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama), the Greater (Cuba, Puerto Rico and Dominican Republic), the Lesser Antilles, and the River Orinoco which is considered the southern limit (Hendler et al., Reference Hendler, Miller, Pawson and Kier1995; Borrero-Pérez et al., Reference Borrero-Pérez, Solano and Benavides-Serrato2002; Herrera-Moreno & Betancourt, Reference Herrera-Moreno and Betancourt2004; Alvarado et al., Reference Alvarado, Solís-Marín and Ahearn2008; Pawson et al., Reference Pawson, Vance, Messing, Solís-Marín, Mah, Feder and Camp2009; Rodríguez-Barreras et al., Reference Rodríguez-Barreras, Sabat and Calzada-Marrero2013; Solís-Marín et al., Reference Solís-Marín, Alvarado, Abreu-Pérez, Aguilera, Alió, Bacallado-Aránega, Barraza, Benavides-Serrato, Benítez-Villalobos, Betancourt-Fernández, Borges, Brandt, Brogger, Borrero-Pérez, Buitrón-Sánchez, Campos, Cantera, Clemente, Cohen-Renjifo, Coppard, Costa-Lotufo, del Valle-García, Díaz, Díaz de Vivar, Díaz-Martínez, Durán-González, Epherra, Escolar, Francisco, Freire, García-Arrarás, Gil, Guarderas, Hadel, Hearn, Hernández, Hernández-Delgado, Herrera-Moreno, Herrero-Pérezrul, Hooker, Honey-Escandón, Lodeiros, Luzuriaga, Manso, Martín, Martinez, Martínez, Moro-Abad, Mutschke, Navarro, Neira, Noriega, Palleiro-Nayar, Pérez, Pérez-Ruzafa, Prieto-Rios, Reyes, Rodríguez-Barreras, Rubilar, Sancho-Mejía, Sangil, Silva, Sonnenholzner, Ventura, Tablado, Tavares, Tiago, Tuya, Williams, Alvarado-Barrientos and Solís-Marín2013).

CUBAN LOCALITIES

Punta del Este (Isle of Youth), Diego Pérez, Cantiles, and Juan García Keys (Gulf of Batabanó), Strombus, and Maternillo Keys, north of la Tortuguilla, west of Guajaba Key, north of Confites Key, and Media Luna, and Guillermo Keys in Sabana-Camagüey Archipelago (Suárez, Reference Suárez1974; Corvea et al., Reference Corvea, Abreu, Alcolado and Alcolado1990; Abreu et al., Reference Abreu-Pérez, Solís-Marín and Laguarda-Figueras2000; Del Valle et al., Reference Del Valle, Solís-Marín, Abreu Pérez, Laguarda-Figueras and Durán-González2005).

Genus Plagiobrissus Pomel, 1883

Plagiobrissus grandis (Gmelin, 1788)

HABITAT

Occurs in sandy areas whereas seagrass and algae are little abundant or absent (Hendler et al., Reference Hendler, Miller, Pawson and Kier1995).

DEPTH RANGE

From 1 to 210 m (Serafy, Reference Serafy1979).

DISTRIBUTION

Florida, the Gulf of Mexico, southward through the Caribbean, Central America (Belize and Panama), Greater (Cuba, Puerto Rico and Dominican Republic), Lesser Antilles, to South American coast to São Paulo, Brazil (Hendler et al., Reference Hendler, Miller, Pawson and Kier1995; Abreu et al., Reference Abreu-Pérez, Solís-Marín and Laguarda-Figueras2000; Herrera-Moreno & Betancourt, Reference Herrera-Moreno and Betancourt2004; Benavides-Serrato, Reference Benavides-Serrato2006; Alvarado et al., Reference Alvarado, Solís-Marín and Ahearn2008; Pawson et al., Reference Pawson, Vance, Messing, Solís-Marín, Mah, Feder and Camp2009; Solís-Marín et al., Reference Solís-Marín, Alvarado, Abreu-Pérez, Aguilera, Alió, Bacallado-Aránega, Barraza, Benavides-Serrato, Benítez-Villalobos, Betancourt-Fernández, Borges, Brandt, Brogger, Borrero-Pérez, Buitrón-Sánchez, Campos, Cantera, Clemente, Cohen-Renjifo, Coppard, Costa-Lotufo, del Valle-García, Díaz, Díaz de Vivar, Díaz-Martínez, Durán-González, Epherra, Escolar, Francisco, Freire, García-Arrarás, Gil, Guarderas, Hadel, Hearn, Hernández, Hernández-Delgado, Herrera-Moreno, Herrero-Pérezrul, Hooker, Honey-Escandón, Lodeiros, Luzuriaga, Manso, Martín, Martinez, Martínez, Moro-Abad, Mutschke, Navarro, Neira, Noriega, Palleiro-Nayar, Pérez, Pérez-Ruzafa, Prieto-Rios, Reyes, Rodríguez-Barreras, Rubilar, Sancho-Mejía, Sangil, Silva, Sonnenholzner, Ventura, Tablado, Tavares, Tiago, Tuya, Williams, Alvarado-Barrientos and Solís-Marín2013).

CUBAN LOCALITIES

Off Havana (Del Valle et al., Reference Del Valle, Solís-Marín, Abreu Pérez, Laguarda-Figueras and Durán-González2005).

Family SCHIZASTERIDAE Lambert, 1905

Genus Moira (Lamarck, 1816)

Moira atropos clotho Michelin, 1855

DEPTH RANGE

From 0 to 445 m, but the species is most common in shallow water no deeper than 50 m (Serafy, Reference Serafy1979; Hendler et al., Reference Hendler, Miller, Pawson and Kier1995).

CUBAN LOCALITIES

West of Levisa Key, Cárdenas Bay, Jururú Bay, and the south coast of the former Oriente region (Pérez-Farfante, Reference Pérez-Farfante1959; Suárez, Reference Suárez1974; Espinosa et al., Reference Espinosa, Abreu and Gómez1997; Abreu et al., Reference Abreu-Pérez, Solís-Marín and Laguarda-Figueras2000).

Genus Schizaster L. Agassiz, 1835

Schizaster floridiensis (Kier & Grant, Reference Kier and Grant1965)

HABITAT

Inhabits burrows in mud or sand bottoms, and coral reefs (Hendler et al., Reference Hendler, Miller, Pawson and Kier1995).

DISTRIBUTION

The Bahamas, Belize, Dominica, Florida Keys, Greater Antilles (Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico), Central America (Honduras and Panama), Venezuela, Dominica, and northern Brazil (Hendler et al., Reference Hendler, Miller, Pawson and Kier1995; Alvarado et al., Reference Alvarado, Solís-Marín and Ahearn2008; Pawson et al., Reference Pawson, Vance, Messing, Solís-Marín, Mah, Feder and Camp2009; Rodríguez-Barreras et al., Reference Rodríguez-Barreras, Sabat and Calzada-Marrero2013).

CUBAN LOCALITIES

North coast of Guanahacabibes (Pinar del Río), and off Havana (Rodríguez-Barreras et al., Reference Rodríguez-Barreras, del Valle-García, Solís-Marín and Abreu-Pérez2007).

DISCUSSION

The present list reviews the Cuban shallow-water sea urchins and updates the existing knowledge with the addition of Schizaster doederleini. Furthermore, a new depth range is proposed for Schizaster doederleini and Astropyga magnifica that start now at 10 m and 2 m respectively. On the other hand, Rodríguez-Barreras et al. (Reference Rodríguez-Barreras, del Valle-García, Solís-Marín and Abreu-Pérez2007) reported the occurrence of Paraster doederleini, now Schizaster doederleini (Chesher, 1972). Two intact tests were found in the western region of Cuba (Figure 1), and deposited in the collection of the National Aquarium of Cuba under the codes ANC-10.3.001 and ANC-10.3.002. Both tests were initially identified as Paraster doederleini. Nevertheless, a recent detailed reanalysis of the morphological features and dimensions of the tests concluded that in fact, both tests belong to Schizaster floridiensis. Therefore, P. doederleini should be removed from the Cuban list, whereas S. floridiensis should be added as a new record for the island.

Fig. 1.

Sites where the sea urchin Schizaster floridiensis has been collected in Cuba.

References

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Fig. 1. Sites where the sea urchin Schizaster floridiensis has been collected in Cuba.