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When Norm Violations Become the Norm: Recent Presidents and the Future of Federal Executive Clemency – CORRIGENDUM

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 September 2026

Jeffrey Crouch
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Abstract

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Information

Type
Corrigendum
Information
Studies in American Political Development , Volume 40 , Issue 2 , October 2026 , pp. 281 - 282
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that no alterations are made and the original article is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press or the rights holder(s) must be obtained prior to any commercial use and/or adaptation of the article.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2026. Published by Cambridge University Press.

The above article was incorrectly published with a typographical error in the abstract.

The phrase ‘our most recent three presidents' should have read as ‘our most recent presidents'

The error has been corrected and the online HTML and PDF versions updated.

The author apologises for the error.

The above article was incorrectly published with errors in the Works Cited section.

‘Martin, Ed, Tweet at 3:58 pm on May 26, 2025. Available at: https://x.com/EagleEdMartin/status/1927092000848855360 (accessed May 26, 2026).' should have read as ‘Martin, Ed, Tweet at 7:58 pm on May 26, 2025. Available at: https://x.com/EagleEdMartin/status/1927092000848855360 (accessed May 26, 2026).'

‘History.com Editors, “Iran-Contra Affair,” The History Channel. Available at: https://www.history.com/articles/iran-contra-affair (accessed May 23,2026).' should have read as ‘History.com Editors, “Iran-Contra Affair,” The History Channel, May 28, 2025. Available at: https://www.history.com/articles/iran-contra-affair (accessed May 23, 2026).'

The errors have been corrected and the online HTML and PDF versions updated.

The publisher apologises for the error.

In addition, the following Works Cited:

Grant of Executive Clemency to James B. Biden, Sara Jones Biden, Valerie Biden Owens, John T. Owens, and Francis W. Biden (Biden Siblings and Spouses Pardon). Available at: https://www.justice.gov/pardon/media/1385756/dl?inline (accessed May 25, 2026).

Grant of Executive Clemency to Robert Hunter Biden (Hunter Biden Pardon), Office of the Pardon Attorney, Department of Justice, December 1, 2024. Available at: https://www.justice.gov/pardon/media/1378646/dl?inline (accessed May 25, 2026).

Grant of Executive Clemency to Anthony Fauci (Fauci Pardon), Office of the Pardon Attorney, Department of Justice, January 19, 2025. Available at: https://www.justice.gov/pardon/media/1385746/dl?inline (accessed May 25, 2026).

Grant of Executive Clemency to Members of Congress, Staff, and Police Officers Related to the January 6th Investigative Committee (January 6 Committee Pardons). January 19, 2025. Available at: https://www.justice.gov/pardon/media/1385751/dl?inline (accessed May 26, 2026).

Grant of Executive Clemency to Mark Milley (Milley Pardon), Office of the Pardon Attorney, Department of Justice, January 19, 2025. Available at: https://www.justice.gov/pardon/media/1385741/dl?inline (accessed May 25, 2026).

should have read as:

Grant of Executive Clemency to James B. Biden, Sara Jones Biden, Valerie Biden Owens, John T. Owens, and Francis W. Biden (Biden Siblings and Spouses Pardon), January 19, 2025. Available at: https://www.justice.gov/pardon/media/1385756/dl?inline (Accessed May 25, 2026).

Grant of Executive Clemency to Robert Hunter Biden (Hunter Biden Pardon), December 1, 2024. Available at: https://www.justice.gov/pardon/media/1378646/dl?inline (Accessed May 25, 2026).

Grant of Executive Clemency to Anthony Fauci (Fauci Pardon), January 19, 2025. Available at: https://www.justice.gov/pardon/media/1385746/dl?inline (Accessed May 25, 2026).

Grant of Executive Clemency to Members of Congress, Staff, and Police Officers Related to the January 6th Investigative Committee (January 6 Committee Pardons), January 19, 2025. Available at: https://www.justice.gov/pardon/media/1385751/dl?inline (Accessed May 26, 2026).

Grant of Executive Clemency to Mark Milley (Milley Pardon), January 19, 2025. Available at: https://www.justice.gov/pardon/media/1385741/dl?inline (Accessed May 25, 2026).

The publisher apologises for the error.

References

Crouch, J. When Norm Violations Become the Norm: Recent Presidents and the Future of Federal Executive Clemency. Studies in American Political Development. Published online 2026:1-15. doi:10.1017/S0898588X26100352Google Scholar