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1 results

  • Otolaryngological manifestations of paediatric Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a systematic literature review and statewide case series

  • Mostafa Alwan, Ha My Nguyen, Eric Levi
  • Journal:
    The Journal of Laryngology & Otology / Volume 140 / Issue 5 / May 2026
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    25 February 2026, pp. 485-494
    Print publication:
    May 2026
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  • Background

    Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare disorder in children that can involve the head and neck, may mimic common ENT conditions and delay diagnosis. While various case reports exist, ENT-focused reviews remain limited.

    Methods

    We conducted a literature review of 73 studies encompassing 244 paediatric patients with head and neck Langerhans cell histiocytosis, extracting data on presentation, treatment and outcomes. We also present a retrospective case series of 25 patients treated at a single tertiary institution.

    Results

    Otologic and craniofacial bone involvement were the most common presentations. Treatments ranged from surgical curettage and intra-lesional steroids to systemic chemotherapy. Recurrence was more common in multifocal and multisystem disease. Our institutional series supported many of these findings, with detailed follow-up data and treatment responses.

    Conclusion

    This is the most extensive ENT-focused review of paediatric Langerhans cell histiocytosis to date. It highlights key clinical patterns and management approaches to aid early recognition and tailored treatment.